多方向压电振动能量收集技术研究与进展

煤矿井下综采设备工作时会产生较大振动,利用压电振动能量收集系统实现煤矿综采设备无线监测节点自供电,有望解决传统化学电池使用寿命有限,更换困难,污染环境等问题。传统线性能量收集装置的谐振频率难以满足外界振动复杂多变的要求,导致俘能效率低下。如何提高压电振动系统俘能效率是一个亟待解决的问题。多方向是提高复杂振动环境压电俘能效率的有效途径。该文从击打式和悬臂梁式两种能量转换方式总结分析国内外学者在多方向振动能量收集方面的研究,从阵列式、自调谐、非线性、频率泵浦、弹性放大器等方面分析多方向振动能量收集系统的效率提升技术;最后,从采用新型压电材料提升俘能效率、考虑非线性和多场耦合动力学优化俘能结构、工程应用研究等方面对多方向压电能量收集技术进行了展望。

Research and Development of Multi directional Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting Technology

When the coal mine comprehensive mining equipment works, it will generate large vibration. The piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) system can be used to collect the vibration energy during the mining equipment working and realize the self power supply of the wireless monitoring node of the mining equipment, thus the problems such as limited service life of traditional chemical battery, difficulty in replacement and environmental pollution are expected to solve. The resonant frequency of the traditional linear energy harvesting device is difficult to meet the complex and variable requirements of external vibration, resulting in low energy efficiency. How to improve the energy harvesting efficiency of piezoelectric vibration system is an urgent problem to be solved. The multi direction is an effective way to improve piezoelectric energy harvesting efficiency in complex vibration environments. The researches on multi directional vibration energy harvesting by domestic and foreign scholars from the two energy conversion modes of impact and cantilever beam are summarized and analyzed in this paper. The efficiency improvement technology of multi directional vibration energy harvesting system is analyzed from the aspects of array, self tuning, non linearity, frequency pumping and elastic amplifier etc. Finally, the prospects of multi directional piezoelectric energy harvesting technology are presented from the aspects of using new piezoelectric materials to enhance energy harvesting efficiency,the engineering applications by considering non linearity and multi field coupling dynamic optimization of energy harvesting structure.