铁路机械冷藏车气密性指标确定及性能优化

目的 针对铁路机械冷藏车气密性检测指标滞后，难以反映车辆漏风特性的问题，对其气密性指标展开研究，寻求现有装备气密性设计方面存在的缺陷，进而提出新造铁路机械冷藏车的气密性指标和车体气密性结构优化设计方法。方法 按照GB/T 5600要求，运用压差法对B23型、B23A型和B10型铁路机械冷藏车进行气密性试验，分析运行速度与压差、漏气量之间的关系；通过测试和实地调研，掌握现有铁路机械冷藏车漏气量偏大的原因，为改进优化提供依据。结果 我国现有B23，B23A，B10型铁路机械冷藏车在50 Pa压差条件下的漏气量分别为27.0，34.1，26.1 m3/h，当压差升至125，250 Pa时，车厢漏气量约上升90%~320%。上述压差条件大致对应40，65，90 km/h的车辆运行速度。在此基础上，分析给出了新造铁路机械冷藏车的气密性指标，提出了改进优化的具体策略。结论 新造铁路机械冷藏车的漏气量标准应设定为在50 Pa压差条件下不大于10 m3/h，比现有标准规定减少了75%。此外，通过使用新工艺和新技术，改进车厢、车门和排水口结构，减少车体漏泄点，有效提高了车厢气密性能。

Determination and Optimization of Air Tightness of Railway Mechanical Refrigerated Car

Aiming at the problem that the air tightness testing index of railway mechanical refrigerated car is lag-ging behind and it is difficult to reflect the air leakage characteristic of the car, the work aims to study the air tightness index of railway mechanical refrigerated car to find the defects in the air tightness design of existing equipment, and then put forward the air tightness index of newly built railway mechanical refrigerated car and the optimum design method of air tightness structure of car body. According to the requirement of GB/T 5600, the air tightness test of B23, B23A and B10 railway mechanical refrigerated cars was carried out in the pressure difference method, and the relationship between running speed, pressure difference and air leakage was analyzed. Through testing and field investigation, the reasons for the large air leakage of existing railway mechanical refrigerated car were grasped, which provided a basis for improvement and optimization. The air leakage of the existing B23, B23A and B10 railway mechanical refrigerated car under 50 Pa pressure difference was 27.0 m3/h, 34.1 m3/h and 26.1 m3/h, respectively. When the pressure difference rose to 125 Pa and 250 Pa, the air leakage of the carriage rose by 90%~320%. The above-mentioned pressure difference conditions roughly corresponded to the running speed of 40 km/h, 65 km/h and 90 km/h of the car. On this basis, the air tightness index of newly built railway mechanical refrigerated car was analyzed and given, and the specific strategy of improvement and optimization was put forward. The air leakage standard of newly built railway mechanical refrigerated car should be set at 50 Pa pressure difference conditions, not more than 10 m3/h, which is 75% less than the existing standard. In addition, through the use of new technology and technology, the structure of carriage, door and drainage outlet is improved, and the leakage points of the car body are reduced, and effectively improves the air tightness of the carriage.