基于纤维增强复合材料的超声振动辅助加工技术综述

纤维增强复合材料是一类使用范围不断扩大的具有优良机械性能的工程复合材料，但由于其具有各向异性及增强体纤维稳定的理化性能，使得传统金属加工方法很难对纤维增强复合材料进行高质量的加工，特别是对于以芳纶纤维等断裂伸长率较高的纤维为增强体的复合材料，存在较为严重的撕裂、毛刺和分层等加工缺陷。超声振动辅助加工是一种将超声振动附加在机械加工过程中的加工方式。超声振动的加入可使刀具与工件周期性接触，减小切削阻力，降低切削温度，可在一定程度上提高纤维增强复合材料加工的表面质量，减少加工缺陷。在介绍超声振动辅助技术的分类、系统组成和加工机理，及纤维复合材料表面质量、材料去除、加工机理和加工缺陷的基础上，从套料制孔、螺旋铣孔和轮廓铣削三类常见加工工艺方面，论述了针对纤维复合材料的超声振动辅助切削技术的国内外研究进展。基于纤维复合材料超声振动辅助切削技术的发展状况，从基础理论研究、材料表面改性和新加工工艺探索、超声振动加工系统的开发完善等方面，总结了现有研究和应用中的成果及普遍存在的问题，同时对未来研究的发展趋势做出了展望。

Overview of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Machining Technology on Fiber Reinforced Composites

Fiber reinforced composite materials are a kind of engineering composite materials with wide range of applications and excellent mechanical properties. However, due to the anisotropy and stable physicochemical properties of reinforcing fiber, the fiber reinforced composites are difficult to be processed by traditional metal processing methods, especially the composite materials with fiber as the reinforcing body and high elongation at break, like aramid fiber, because there are serious processing defects such as tearing, burring and delamination. Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining is a processing method attaching ultrasonic vibrations to the machining process. The addition of ultrasonic vibration can make the tool and the workpiece periodically contact, reduce the cutting resistance and decrease the cutting temperature, which can improve the surface quality of the fiber reinforced composite material and reduce the processing defects to a certain extent. Based on the classification, system composition and processing mechanism of ultrasonic vibration assisting technology and surface quality of fiber composite materials, material removal and processing mechanism and processing defects, the work aims to summarize the domestic and overseas research progress of ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting technology based on fiber composites from three common processing methods from nesting, spiral milling and contour milling. According to the development of ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting technology for fiber composites, the achievements and problems in current research and application are summarized in terms of basic theory research, material surface modification, new processing technology exploration and the development and perfection of ultrasonic vibration machining system. Meanwhile, the prospects for future research are also presented.