Robust modeling of the interline power flow controller and the generalized unified power flow controller with small impedances in power flow analysis |
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Authors: | X-P Zhang |
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Affiliation: | (1) School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK |
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Abstract: | The interline power flow controller (IPFC) and the generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC) are two innovative configurations
of the convertible static compensator (CSC) of FACTS. In this paper, direct modeling of the practical series or/and shunt
operating inequality constraints of the IPFC and the GUPFC in power flow calculations are presented. Special initialization
of a solution with the IPFC and GUPFC is also derived. Furthermore, an impedance compensation technique is proposed to deal
with the numerical instability or the numerical difficulty of the IPFC and GUPFC models when either their coupling transformer
impedances are too small or they are transformer-less controllers. Condition number analysis of the Newton power flow equations
is given to get insights of the numerical instability of the voltage sourced models of the IPFC and GUPFC with small impedances.
Numerical examples are given based on the IEEE 118-bus system, IEEE 300-bus system and a large scale system with 1000-buses. |
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Keywords: | Power flow Interline power flow controller Generalized unified power flow controller Flexible AC transmission systems FACTS |
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