Nitrogen management in organic farming: comparison of crop rotation residual effects on yields,N leaching and soil conditions |
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Authors: | Manfred Kayser Jürgen Müller Johannes Isselstein |
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Affiliation: | 1.Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science,Georg-August-University G?ttingen,Vechta,Germany;2.Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science,Georg-August-University G?ttingen,G?ttingen,Germany;3.Institute for Management of Rural Areas, Working Group Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,University of Rostock,Rostock,Germany |
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Abstract: | After 3 years of different crop rotations in an organic farming experiment on a sandy soil in northwest Germany, spring triticale
was cultivated on all plots in the fourth year to investigate residual effects on yield, nitrogen (N) leaching and nutrient
status in the soil. Previous crop rotations differed in the way N was supplied, either by farmyard manure (FYM, 100 and 200 kg N ha−1 year−1) or by arable legumes like grass-red clover and field beans, or as a control with no N. Other crops in the rotations were
maize, winter triticale and spring barley. Additional plots had a 3-year grass-clover ley, that was ploughed-in for spring
triticale in the fourth year. Yields of spring triticale were moderate and largest for ploughed-in grassland leys and grass-red
clover and plots that had previously received farmyard manure. The former crop rotation, including grassland break-up, had
a significant effect on most yield and environmental parameters like residual soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and N leaching and
on the level of available K in the soil. The single crop harvested in the year before spring triticale had a significant effect
on yield parameters of spring triticale, less so on SMN and N leaching in the fourth year and no effect on available nutrients
(P, K, Mg) and pH in the soil. We conclude that the effects of arable legumes were rather short lived while ploughing of 3-year
grassland leys had a profound influence on mineralization processes and subsequently on yield and N losses. |
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