工业气体中H_2S的脱除方法——发展现状与展望

Ｈ２Ｓ在天然气、焦炉煤气和半水煤气等工业气体中是一种有害杂质，它不仅对输运管路、设备等造成腐蚀，影响后续加工过程（如导致催化剂中毒），而且更严重地威胁人身安全，属必须控制的环境污染源之一。迄今为止的脱硫工艺包括干法和湿法两大类，干法工艺通常适用于低含硫气体处理，大部分干法工艺所用脱硫剂均不能再生；相比之下，湿法工艺脱硫负荷高。湿法工艺包括吸收法和湿式氧化法，尽管以醇胺吸收为代表的化学吸收法早已在工业中得到应用，但吸收法实质上只是对气体中的Ｈ２Ｓ进行提浓，尚需作进一步处理，而且该法工艺本身还存在腐蚀、溶液降解及发泡等操作困难；湿式氧化法脱硫效率高，可将Ｈ２Ｓ一步转化为单质硫，是当前脱硫工艺的发展前沿。从目前看，铁基工艺较有发展前途，但寻找廉价、高效、易再生、组成简单、稳定性好的新型脱硫剂仍然是湿式氧化法发展的突出热点。

METHODS OF REMOVING HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM INDUSTRIAL GASPRESENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS

H2S is a harmful impurity in the industrial gases as the natural gas,cokeeven gas and semiwater gas.It can not only cause the pipeline and equipment to be corroded so as to influence the followup processing (as leading to catalyst poisoning) but also seriously threaten the personal safety,belonging to one of the enviromental pollution sources which must be controlled.Up to now,the desulfurizing technology is composed of the dry process and wet process,the former is suitable for treating the low sulfureous gas in general and most of the desulfurizers used for the dry process can't be regenerated;the desulfurization load by the latter is high in comparison with the former.The wet process includes the adsorption method and wet oxidization method.Although the chemical adsorption method (being mainly hydramine adsorption) was adopted in industry long ago,the method is only to make the H2S in gas be concentrated essentially,a further treatment being needed;and there are some operating difficulties as the corrosion,solution degradation and foaming,etc.,in the method.The wet oxidization method with high effectiveness,however,may make the H2S be transformed into element sulfur in one step,being the developing trend of the desulfurization technology at present.According to the existing situation,the ironbase technology has a great future,but the outstanding focus of developing the wet oxidization method is still to look for a new desulfurizer which is of low price,high effectiveness,simple composition and good stability,being easy to be regenerated.