从AFLP指纹和标记基因序列看我国养殖的四种鲍的亲缘关系

九孔鲍是我国南方主要的鲍养殖对象，皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍则在北方被广泛养殖。对于皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍，尤其是九孔鲍与杂色鲍的分类关系，迄今学术界还存在着不同看法。本文通过AFLP指纹的比较以及细胞核ITS-1和18SrRNA基因片段、线粒体16S rRNA和COI基因片段DNA序列的比较，发现九孔鲍与杂色鲍之间遗传趋异很小，只达到不同地方群体差异的水平；皱纹盘鲍与盘鲍趋异较大，可以认为是属于不同亚种。本研究结果同时表明AFLP技术是进行鲍种质鉴别和遗传多样性研究的有用手段。

Studies on Genetic Relationships between Haliotis Diversicolor and H.Discus Using AFLP Fingerprinting and DNA Sequence Analysis

Haliotis diversicolor and Haliotis discus are economically important abalone species in southern and northern China, respectively. There are different opinions on systematic relationship between the two subspecies of H.discus and, particularly, of H.diversicolor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic differences between the two species and their subspecies based on AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technology, sequence analyses of nuclear DNA first internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal RNA (ITS-1) and 18S rRNA] and mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene]. The results indicated that the genetic divergence between H.diversicolor diversicolor and H.diversicolor supertexta is small, probably only representing differences at the population level. Yet H.discus discus and H.discus hannai are genetically distinct based on AFLP fingerprinting pattern, thus justifying their subspecies status. AFLP technique was shown to be a simple, fast, highly reproducible, and thus a useful tool for evaluating germplasm and genetic diversity of abalone.