The experience of affect as a determinant of smoking behavior: A series of validity studies.

Conducted a series of 4 studies testing the validity of self-report data on the Tomkins-Ikard Smoking Scale concerning types of smoking. The hypothesis that smoking is related to source affect experience was supported in a study with 57 undergraduates and in a field study observing individuals at a race track. Smoking increased as a function of an increase in negative affect. The effect of smoking deprivation was studied by assessing craving in 24 university students during a 3-hr deprivation period and by assessing the number of cigarettes smoked by 32 Ss in a smoking clinic. The effect of deprivation and the ability to smoke on a schedule were related to the type of smoker. Psychological addicts suffered most from deprivation or scheduling. Data indicate that techniques for achieving cessation should be tailored to the individual and that techniques for managing negative affect should be developed to reduce smoking dependency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)