基于P-GMAW摆动电弧传感的窄间隙坡口宽度自适应焊接

针对窄间隙自动化焊接过程中，组对误差、焊接热变形等因素导致的坡口宽度不一致问题，本文提出采用电弧传感方式对坡口宽度进行检测，并根据检测结果调节工艺参数，保证焊接质量的方法。通过研究坡口宽度偏差的提取算法，分析窄坡口条件下脉冲熔化极焊接的峰值电流、基值电流和平均电流信号的传感特征，提出以脉冲周期内的电流均值作为特征信号，利用侧壁平均法进行偏差提取的传感方式；确定了坡口宽度变化时，焊枪摆幅、焊接速度的调控方法，实现了适应坡口宽度变化的自动化焊接。窄间隙焊接试验表明，上述方法能够有效识别坡口宽度变化，及时对摆幅、焊速进行调整，可在坡口宽度变化时，保证侧壁熔合质量和焊层厚度均匀。研究结果对单道多层窄间隙焊接实现焊接自动化，保证焊接质量具有一定的参考价值。

Adaptive welding of narrow gap groove width based on the P-GMAW swing arc sensor

Aiming at the problems of different groove width caused by pairing error, welding thermal deformation and other factors in the process of narrow gap automatic welding, an arc sensing method is proposed to detect the groove width, and according to the test results, the process parameters are adjusted to ensure the welding quality. By studying the extraction algorithm of groove width deviation, the sensing characteristics of peak current, base current and average current signals of pulsed gas metal arc welding under the condition of narrow groove were analyzed, and the sensing method of bias extraction was proposed by taking the average current in the pulse period as the characteristic signal and using the sidewall average method. When the width of the groove changes, the regulation method of welding gun swing and welding speed is determined, and the automatic welding is realized to adapt to the change of the width of the groove. The narrow gap welding test shows that the above method can effectively identify the change of groove width, and adjust the swing and welding speed in time to ensure the fusion quality of the side wall and the thickness of the welding layer when the groove width changes. The research results have certain reference value for realizing welding automation and ensuring welding quality of single-pass multi-layer narrow gap welding.