英、美、日电力改革之借鉴

世界各国的电力市场化改革还处于不断探索阶段。目前国际上还设有一个公认的完美的电力市场模式可以适用于各国不同的国情和电网的实际情况。在世界各国的电力市场改革中,英国采用了自上而下的纵向分离的电力市场改革模式;美国采用了更接近于自然历史过程的纵向整合电力市场改革模式;日本则采用了引入有限竞争的单一买家电力市场改革模式。我国的电力市场改革才刚刚起步,英、美、日电力市场的运行实践对我国的电力市场改革有以下启示：①准备充分,先行立法;②统一规划,多方协调;③总体设计,分步实施;④要健全政府监管;⑤建立合理的电价形成机制;⑥电力市场建设要符合市场经济特征;⑦建立电力市场建设的动态调控机制。

Enlightenment from Electricity Industry Reforms in UK,US and Japan

The ongoing global reforms towards a market-driven electricity industry are still in the exploratory stage.There is currently no one widely recognized electricity market model that is perfect for every nation and its national power grid.In reforming the electricity market,the United Kingdom adopted a top-to-bottom,vertical separation reform model,the United States adopted a vertical integration method which resembles the natural development process of the industry and Japan adopted a single-buyer market model in which limited competition was introduced.China＇ s electricity market reform has just started and the country could gain a great deal of enlightenment from the practices of the UK,the US and Japan in operating the electricity market,which is summarized as follows：①be well prepared and start with legislation; ②integrate program plan-ning and strengthen coordination;③conduct overall design and carry out it step by step;④strengthen government regulation;⑤develop reasonable electricity pricing mechanism;⑥build an electricity market with characteristics of market-driven economy; ⑦establish a mechanism to dynamically regulate the construction of the electricity market.