Examination of radio‐opacity enhancing additives in shape memory polyurethane foams |
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| Authors: | Andrew C. Weems Jeffery E. Raymond Kevin T. Wacker Tiffany P. Gustafson Brandis Keller Karen L. Wooley Duncan J. Maitland |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Device Laboratory, Texas A&M University, Texas;2. Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Synthetic‐Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, Texas;3. Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Texas;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas;5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas |
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| Abstract: | Three microparticle additives, tungsten (W), zirconium oxide (ZrO2) , and barium sulfate (BaSO4) were selected to enhance the radio‐opacity in shape memory polymer (SMP) foam biomaterials. The addition of filler causes no significant alterations of glass transition temperatures, density of the materials increases, pore diameter decreases, and total volume recovery decreases from approximately 70 times in unfilled foams to 20 times (4% W and 10% ZrO2). The addition of W increases time to recovery; ZrO2 causes little variation in time to shape recovery; BaSO4 increases the time to recovery. On a 2.00 mean X‐ray density (mean X.D.) scale, a GDC coil standard has a mean X.D. of 0.62 ; 4% W enhances the mean X.D. to 1.89, 10% ZrO2 to 1.39 and 4% BaSO4 to 0.74. Radio‐opacity enhancing additives could be used to produce SMP foams with controlled shape memory kinetics, low density , and enhanced X ‐ray opacity for medical materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42054. |
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| Keywords: | biomaterials foams polyurethanes stimuli‐sensitive polymers X‐ray |
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