智能材料与结构的研究及应用

介绍了智能材料与结构的基本特征、研究内容及应用前景。智能材料与结构具有四种主要特性，即敏感特性、传输特性、智能特性和自适应特性。其研究内容主要包括基础智能材料的研究、自诊断智能材料与结构的研究、自适应智能材料与结构的研究。基础智能材料的研究主要是形状记忆材料、压电材料、电／磁流变液材料、磁致伸缩材料、智能凝胶材料、聚合物基“人工肌肉”、自组装材料、光纤智能材料等的研究。智能材料与结构在航空航天、军事、土木建筑、医疗、体育及日常生活等各个领域有广阔的应用前景。

Development and Applications of Smart Materials and Structures

The conception, research orientation and potential applications of smart materials and structures were reviewed. Smart materials and structures are characteristic of four main features including sensing, information converting, automated response and self adaptation. The researches on smart materials and structures have been focused on fundamental materials, self diagnostic smart materials and structures, and self adaptive smart materials and structures, among which the fundamental materials cover shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, electrorheological/magnetorheological fluids, magnetorestrictive materials, smart gels, polymer based artificial muscles, self assembled materials and optic fiber embedded materials. Smart materials and structures offer many potential applications in such areas as space, military, civil, medical, sports and so on.