松嫩平原苏打盐渍土水盐调控与开发利用

20世纪90年代以来,松嫩平原土壤苏打盐渍化呈逐年加剧和扩大态势。研究表明田块尺度苏打盐渍土水盐变化具有如下特征:土壤盐分含量高度空间变异性、盐化和碱化共存,水力性质极差,土壤水和地下水的转化关系非常微弱。苏打盐渍土的水盐调控方向应该是:采用各种技术在地表创造积水—径流环境,去掉土壤表层(0～30cm)的盐分,形成一个盐碱“淡化表层”。针对田块尺度苏打盐渍土的主要特点,提出了苏打盐渍土开发的斑块模型。

Salt-water regulation of soda saline soil in Songnei Plain

Severity and expansion of soda salinization of soil becomes worse in the Songneng Plain since nineteenth of 20th Century. The study shows that salt-water change in field dimension of soda saline soil have the following features: high-spatial variation of salt content, exist of both saline and alkaline, poor hydraulic characteristic, and weak in transfer between soil water and groundwater. The direction of salt-water regulation of soda saline soil is to create an accumulated water-runoff environment on the land surface by apply varied technologies, and remove salt on the land surface (0-30cm) and form a "desalinated surface" of saline and alkaline. Considering the main features of soda saline soil in field dimension, a spot model developed for soda saline soil is proposed.