基于意图认知的复杂电气产品外观设计策略

受功能结构等多重约束和功能导向设计理念影响，复杂电气产品外观设计更关注工程技术的合理性和功能表达的完整性，易忽略用户对产品的认知体验需求。针对这一问题，分析该类产品外观设计意图产生模式和用户意图认知模式，总结意图认知中存在的 3 个问题：用户认知创新与失真导致意图超出与缺漏、设计师与用户的认知差异导致语义鸿沟、用户单纯化认知导致理解障碍。针对性提出复杂电气产品的 3 项外观设计策略：基于质量功能配置法(QFD)的用户认知前置、构建延续性与差异性并存的外观设计特征库、以用户认知和工程约束共性特征为引导的族群收敛，以在技术约束基础上实现用户对设计意图信息的获取和情感的满足，进而提升该类产品外观设计的市场竞争力。

Exterior design strategies of complex electrical products based on intention cognition

Influenced by multiple feature constraints and function-oriented design philosophy, thecomplex exterior design of electrical products lays more emphasis on the rationality of engineeringtechnology and integrity of functional expression, but is likely to overlook users’ demand of productcognitive experience. In view of this problem, analyses were made on the design intention generationmode and user intention cognition mode, which led to the summary of three problems in intentioncognition: intention exceeding and omission caused by users’ innovation and distortion in cognition,semantic gap incurred by the cognitive difference between designers and users, and comprehensionobstacle resulting from users’ simplified cognition. Three strategies for the exterior design of complexelectrical products were proposed: putting forward user cognition in design stage by quality function deployment (QFD), building database from continuity and difference perspectives, and groupconvergence guided by common characteristics of user cognition and engineering constraints. In doing so, on the basis of technical constraints, users can obtain the design intention information andsatisfy their emotions, which can enhance the market competitiveness of the exterior design ofcomplex electrical products.