致密/页岩油气储层损害机理与保护技术研究进展及发展建议

致密/页岩油气藏赋存地质条件独特，通常采用水平井加分段压裂技术进行开发，但油气井初期产量差异大且递减快，而钻井完井及增产改造中的储层损害是重要原因。如何降低致密/页岩油气藏勘探开发各环节的储层损害，提高单井产量与稳产周期，实现经济高效开发，是目前亟待解决的重大科学问题。为此，在分析致密/页岩油气储层损害特点的基础上，总结了钻井完井、增产改造与开发生产过程中致密/页岩油气储层损害的主要机理，介绍了物理颗粒暂堵、化学成膜暂堵、欠平衡钻井完井和界面修饰等储层保护技术的基本原理及研究进展，以典型案例阐述了储层保护技术对及时发现、准确评价和高效开发致密/页岩油气资源的重要作用，并指出储层损害预测与诊断系统、储层多尺度损害评价方法、智能型储层保护材料、液相圈闭损害防治措施和储层保护–漏失控制–增渗改造一体化技术是致密/页岩油气储层保护的重要发展方向。 

Research Progress and Development Recommendations Covering Damage Mechanisms and Protection Technologies for Tight/Shale Oil and Gas Reservoirs

Tight and shale oil and gas reservoirs demonstrate unique geological characteristics such as extremely poor storage-flow quality, and multi-scale structure of storage and flow space. Those reservoirs are normally developed with staged fracturing of horizontal wells, which is made quite challenging by obviously different initial production rates and rapid declines. Further, uncertainty over the technical effects of drilling/completion and stimulation are significantly different. Currently, the major scientific issues that urgently need to be resolved include the requirement to reduce reservoir damage at all the exploration and development stages, to increase well production and stable production cycle, and to achieve economic and efficient development. Through the damage characteristics analysis of such reservoirs, and the main damage mechanisms summary during drilling/completion, stimulation and production, this paper introduces the basic principles and research progress of reservoir protection technologies such as the temporary plugging of physical particles and chemical filming, underbalanced drilling and completion, and interface modification, etc. The importance of damage prevention technologies in the timely discovery of tight/shale oil and gas reservoirs, correct evaluation and efficient development is elaborated with case studies. This paper also points out that integrated techniques in reservoir damage prediction and diagnosis system, multi-scale damage evaluation method, intelligent reservoir protection materials, liquid trap damage prevention measures, and reservoir protection-leakage control-permeability enhancement will be the important development trends in tight/shale oil and gas reservoir protection in the future.