土质心墙土石坝变形协调控制发展与展望

回顾了高心墙坝历史上出现的心墙渗透破坏和水力劈裂、坝顶纵向裂缝等主要事故,探讨了事故的可能原因,提出了注意岸坡基岩约束、快速蓄水的影响及严格控制坝壳密度等变形协调控制要求。分析了心墙坝变形协调有关的相互作用及其三维特性和长期特性,提出了岸坡约束差异变形水力劈裂机理和顺岸坡变形协调性判据。总结了心墙坝变形协调控制的认识转变、预测能力和控制手段发展过程,梳理了变形协调控制要求由表面沉降变形协调向表面沉降协调和内部沉降变形协调联合过渡,再从空间变形协调向长期空间协调发展的技术脉络,对进一步技术发展作出了展望。

Development and prospect of deformation compatibility control of earth core embankment dams

Major accidents in the history of high earth core embankment dams are examined, such as seepage failures of earth core, hydraulic fracturing, and longitudinal cracks of dam crest. Possible causes of the accidents are discussed. As a consequence, we suggest a technical requirement of deformation compatibility control that special attention should be paid to the constraint effect from abutment rock slope, the aggravation of deformation discordance caused by rapid impounding, and the strict control over dam shell deformation. Then we examine interaction related to the deformation compatibility of earth core embankment dams and its three-dimensional and long-term characteristics, and reveal a failure mechanism of earth core hydraulic fracturing based on the compatibility criteria of deformation along abutment slope. For the deformation compatibility control of dams, the development process of its cognition transformation, prediction capability, and control method are summarized. And the process of technical development in its requirements are reviewed, which is generalized as a procedure from the compatibility of surface settlement to the combination of surface settlement and internal settlement, and then from traditional spatial deformation compatibility to long-term spatial dynamic deformation compatibility. Prospects for further technological development are also presented.