爆炸平面波下锚杆对洞室加固效果模型试验方法

为探索爆炸平面波下锚杆对洞室的加固效果，通过抗爆模型试验，从围岩应力、洞壁环向应变、加速度和顶底板相对位移4个方面，研究爆炸平面波作用下毛洞和2种锚杆对洞室的加固效果。分析爆炸平面波强度沿着垂直方向和水平方向的衰减规律；比较毛洞、全长粘结式锚杆加固洞室和自由式锚杆加固洞室的洞壁环向应变、加速度、顶底板相对位移之间的差异。结果表明：爆炸平面波强度沿垂直方向的衰减速度比水平方向的慢；每个洞室内拱顶处的加速度和抗变形能力最大，底板的加速度最小；拱脚是洞室中极易产生拉应变的地方，锚杆加固能使拱脚围岩由受拉变形改变为受压变形；全长粘结式锚杆加固的洞室拱顶和底板都产生了相对较大加速度，但在减小洞室拱部变形、顶底板相对位移和侧墙加速度方面的作用大于自由式锚杆。

Model Test Method of Reinforcement Effects of Rock Bolts to Caverns under Explosive Plane Wave Loading

The cavern unreinforcement and reinforcement effects of two kinds of rock bolts to the caverns under the explosive plane wave loading are studied from four aspects, i.e., surrounding rock stress， circumferential strain and acceleration of cavern wall, and roof-to-floor relative displacement, through antiexplosion model test. The intensity attenuation laws of explosive plane waves along vertical and horizontal directions are analyzed. The differences of the circumferential strain and accelerations of cavern wall，and the roof-to-floor relative displacement are compared for the unreinforced cavern, and the caverns reinforced by the full-length bonded rock bolts and the non-full-length bonded rock bolts. The results indicate that the intensity attenuation speed of explosive plane wave in vertical direction is slower than that in horizontal direction. The acceleration and deformation resistance of the arch roof are the largest and the acceleration of the floor is the smallest in each cavern. Arch foot is a place where the tensile strain is very easy to occur in caverns. The reinforcement of rock bolts can change the tensile deformation of surrounding rock of arch foot to compression deformation. The arch roof and floor of cavern reinforced by the full-length bonded rock bolts produce relatively large accelerations. However， the full-length bonded rock bolts are better than the non-full-length bonded rock bolts in some aspects, such as reducing the deformation of arch， the roof-to-floor relative displacement and the acceleration of side wall.