哈尔滨城乡梯度建设用地结构变化及不透水面遥感监测分析

在快速城镇化背景下，客观掌握城市扩张进程中的城乡建设用地及内部不透水面变化特征，有利于优化大都市城乡用地结构及空间融合发展。基于城乡建设用地及不透水面遥感监测数据集，应用空间分析模型，对哈尔滨2000~2015年城乡建设用地规模、结构及内部不透水面时空演变特征进行分析，探究城市扩张格局、区位差异、建设用地利用强度及城乡之间的差异。结果表明：①2000年以来城乡建设用地快速扩张了158.32 km²，年变化率和动态度均呈先增大后减小趋势；从城市核心区至远郊区方向其扩张规模依次增大，建设重点不断向城市周边推移，呈现出较明显的空间异质性；②城镇建设用地和独立工矿用地面积及占比逐年增加，扩张来源均以耕地为主；农村居民点占比降低了13.14%，城乡建设用地结构特征发生了较明显变化；③2000~2015年城乡建设用地内部不透水面面积和比例分别增加了145.32 km²和10.04%，城镇建设用地利用强度已达到较高水平，农村居民点用地利用强度快速提高，城市和农村之间的差距不断缩小；自城市核心区至远郊区方向不透水面比例不断降低，可利用潜力越大，不透水面面积增量、比例增量、比例增长率及扩张强度大体呈增加趋势，不透水面与城乡建设用地规模变化趋势相近，可在一定程度上揭示城市扩张轨迹。

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Analysis of Urban-Rural Gradient Construction Land and Impervious Surface in Harbin

In the background of rapid urbanization， there is a great significance to optimizing the urban-rural land use structure of metropolises and urban-rural spatial integration development by master the change characteristics of construction land and impervious surface in urban expansion period. Based on the remote sensing monitoring dataset and the internal impervious surface dataset of urban-rural construction land since the 21st century， this research analyzes the structure and impermeable land proportion of urban and rural construction land in Harbin from 2000 to 2015. The purpose is to explore the urban expansion patterns， regional differences， construction land use intensity， and urban-rural differences. The results show that： ①From 2000 to 2015， the urban-rural construction land expanded by 158.32km² rapidly， the trend of annual gradient and dynamic degree were firstly increased and then decreased. In the same period， from the core area of the city to the far suburbs， the scale of expansion increased in turn， and the construction focus continues move towards to the urban periphery， which shows a spatial heterogeneity obviously. ②The area and proportion of urban construction land and independent industrial and mining land increased year by year， and the sources of expansion were mainly cultivated land. The proportions of rural residential areas decreased by 13.14% from 2000 to 2015， while the structural characteristics of urban-rural construction land changed significantly. ③From 2000 to 2015， the area and proportion of impervious surface in urban-rural construction land increased by 145.32 km² and 10.04% respectively. The land use intensity of urban construction reached a high level， because of the land use intensity of rural residential areas increased rapidly， and the gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing. The proportion of impervious surface was decreasing continuously along the direction of the urban core area to the far suburbs， but the potential for development and utilization was greater in the same direction， because the increment， proportional increment， proportional growth rate and expansion intensity of impermeable surface area was generally increasing. In general， there is a similar trend between the area of impermeable surface and the scale of urban and rural construction land， which can reveal the urban expansion track to a certain extent.