Synthesis and properties of nanocomposites of WO3 and exfoliated g-C3N4 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, V?B-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Environmental Technology, V?B-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic;3. Department of Physics, V?B-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic;4. Nanotechnology Centre, V?B-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic;5. Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University, Pasteurova 1, Ustí nad Labem 40096, Czech Republic;1. Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran;2. Center of Nano Research, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran;1. Department of Chemistry, Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui, Fengyang 233100, People''s Republic of China;2. Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Anhui, Huaibei 235000, People''s Republic of China;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China;2. Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, China;1. Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, PR China;2. School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, PR China;3. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, PR China;4. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The nanocomposites of WO3 nanoparticles and exfoliated graphitized C3N4 (g-C3N4) particles were prepared and their properties were studied. For this purpose, common methods used for characterization of solid samples were completed with dynamic light scattering (DLS) method and photocatalysis, which are suitable for study of aqueous dispersions.The WO3 nanoparticles of monoclinic structures were prepared by a hydrothermal method from sodium tungstate and g-C3N4 particles were prepared by calcination of melamine forming bulk g-C3N4, which was further thermally exfoliated. Its specific surface area (SSA) was 115 m2 g?1.The nanocomposites were prepared by mixing of WO3 nanoparticles and g-C3N4 structures in aqueous dispersions acidified by hydrochloric acid at pH = 2 followed by their separation and calcination at 450 °C. The real content of WO3 was determined at 19 wt%, 52 wt% and 63 wt%. It was found by the DLS analysis that the g-C3N4 particles were covered by the WO3 nanoparticles or their agglomerates creating the nanocomposites that were stable in aqueous dispersions even under intensive ultrasonic field. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the average size of the pure WO3 nanoparticles and those in the nanocomposites was 73 nm and 72 nm, respectively.The formation of heterojunction between both components was investigated by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photocatalysis and photocurrent measurements. The photocatalytic decomposition of phenol under the LED source of 416 nm identified the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction, which was confirmed by the photocurrents measurements. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites decreased with the increasing content of WO3, which was explained by shielding of the g-C3N4 surface by bigger WO3 agglomerates. This study also demonstrates a unique combination of various characterization techniques working in solid and liquid phase. |
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| Keywords: | Nanocomposite Z-scheme heterojunction Photocatalysis |
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