鲤、鲫卵的脂质和脂肪酸特性

鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)卵总脂分别为干基的16.90%和10.19%。两者脂质和脂肪酸组成总体比较接近。总脂中含较高的甘油三酯和极性脂,并含一定量的固醇及其酯。极性脂约占总脂的30%,主要为PC和PE,并含一定的心磷脂。两种鱼卵主要含C14～C22的19种脂肪酸,16:0和18:1含量最高,DHA等n-3族多烯酸和20:4n-6也较高,而EPA较低,P/S>>0.5。总脂中饱和、单不饱和、多不饱和脂肪酸的比例接近1:1:1,中性脂中C18、C20酸较多,极性脂中C22酸(DHA)较多。鲫卵18:2n-6较高,使得多烯酸含量稍高,胆固醇、磷脂含量及PC/PE和n-3/n-6稍低于鲤卵。研究表明:两种淡水鱼卵与其鱼肉相比,磷脂和胆固醇明显高,磷脂以PC为主,其次为PE;多烯酸稍高,其中DHA高而EPA低,并含20:4n-6。鲫卵PL的乳化稳定性低于相同浓度大豆磷脂的。其独特的脂质具有较大的研究利用价值。

Lipids and Fatty Acids Characterization from Cyprinus carpio(Carp) and Carassius auratus (Crucian Carp) Spawn

Total lipid(TL), neutral lipid(NL), phospholipid(PL) and their fatty acids distribution characteristics of carp and crucian carp spawn were analyzed respectively. The results showed that they have a relatively similar lipid and fatty acid composition. The total lipids recovered are of 16.90% and 10.19% on dry weight basis respectively, containing triacylglycerols, polar lipids, sterols, sterol/wax esters and free fatty acids in decreasing order. The PL and unsaponifiables accounts for a higher percentage of TL. Distribution of PL classes is similar with 30% , mainly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The quantified fatty acids were 19 species among C14～C22 of both spawn in general. The most popular ones are 16:0 and 18:1 respectively, and also the n-3 polyenes such as DHA, as well as 20:4n-6, and P/S>>0.5, with lower content of EPA S:M:P of TL are about 1:1:1 respectively, NL has higher percentage of C18 and C20, and PL are characterized by high levels of C22, especially DHA. The spawn from crucian carp has higher percentage of TL and PL, meanwhile its rate of n-3/n-6 is lower than carp. However, the content of polyenes is in the reverse trend. Generally speaking, the characteristics of lipids and fatty acids are similar to of the fresh water fish tissues. It suggested that the lipids of spawn from fresh water fish has a prospective exploitationf uture.