Modeling and online scheduling of flexible manufacturing systemsusing stochastic Petri nets

The authors discuss the modeling of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) under uncertainty and evaluate a rule base for online scheduling. To represent uncertain events in an FMS, such as failure of machine tools, repair time, and processing time, they develop continuous-time and discrete-time stochastic Petri nets with hierarchical structures for constructing the FMS model. For obtaining an efficient schedule for the FMS with an online real-time basis, they construct a rule base and evaluate its performance using the FMS simulation system proposed