Some current challenges in clathrate hydrate science: Nucleation,decomposition and the memory effect |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada;2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;1. Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, M050, Crawley WA 6009, Australia;2. CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia;3. Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway;4. CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia;1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver BC V6T1Z3, Canada;2. National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa ON K1A0R6, Canada;1. Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India;2. Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India |
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| Abstract: | Among outstanding issues still to be understood regarding the clathrate hydrates are the mechanism of the processes involved in the formation and decomposition of clathrates: nucleation, decomposition, and the memory effect during reformation. The latter involves the shorter induction times required for solutions of decomposed hydrate to nucleate as compared to those for freshly prepared solutions. The formation of the clathrate hydrate phases of insoluble gases in water is accompanied by a ～6000 fold concentration of the gas content in the solid phase compared to the aqueous phase from which it forms. The nucleation mechanism for the solid hydrate which allows the delivery of such high concentration of gas and water in one location has been the subject of much experimental and computational study. While these studies have improved our understanding of the nucleation process, many unknown aspects remain. These developments are described in this Opinion. |
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| Keywords: | Clathrate hydrate Hydrate nucleation Heterogeneous nucleation Homogeneous nucleation Memory effects |
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