楚雄烟区烤烟生态气候因子评析

利用楚雄气象资料,依据影响烤烟种植的主要气候因子,应用标准差计算各气候因子的权重,定量估算气候适生性指数(Climatic Feasibility Indices, CFI),评价烤烟种植的气候适生性,并对楚雄州有代表性的气候条件与国内外优质烟区进行相似性分析,结合经验公式,对楚雄烟区烟叶进行香型定位。结果表明,楚雄烟区烟叶成熟期平均气温为 19.8 ℃,较为适中,雨量分布均匀。烤烟大田期日照时数均超过500 h,日照条件较好。楚雄烟区的气候适生性指数平均值为0.90,变幅为 0.61~1.00,适宜种植烟草。在楚雄烟区 3 个有代表性的烤烟县(市)中,楚雄市、姚安县气候条件与河南许昌相似程度最低,与巴西相似程度最高;元谋县气候条件与河南许昌、美国相似程度最高。楚雄烟区烟叶香型定位K值平均为0.27,分布在0.22~0.43,均为典型的清香型烟叶。

Evaluation and Analysis of Ecological Climatic Index of Tobacco-growing Areas in Chuxiong

Based on climatic data and main climatic factors influencing the content of flue-cured tobacco,the climatic feasibility indexes(CFI) were estimated for tobacco-growing areas in Chuxiong.Standard deviation calculation was applied to obtain weight of climatic factors.Analyses were conducted on similarity between climatic conditions of three different representative counties in Chuxiong and corresponding climatic conditions in high-quality tobacco-growing areas at home and abroad.Combined with the experienced formula,the flavors of tobacco leaves in Chuxiong were positioned.The results were as follows: In tobacco-growing areas of Chuxiong,mean temperature of 19.8 degrees during maturing period was relatively moderate.The rainfall distribution was relatively appropriate.Sunshine hours during field period were over 500 h,indicating that sunshine condition was fine.CFIs for flue-cured tobacco ranged from 0.61 to 1.00,indicating that Chuxiong tobacco-growing areas were suitable to tobacco growth.The similarity of the climatic conditions of flue-cured tobacco suggested in three representative tobacco-growing counties,Chuxiong and Yaoan with corresponding climatic conditions in Brazil was higher than that with climatic conditions in America and Zimbabwe,and Chuxiong and Yaoan with corresponding climatic conditions in Xuchang was lower than that with climatic conditions in Zunyi and Sanming,China.Compared with Chuxiong and Yaoan,climate similarity between Yuanmou and other tobacco-growing areas showed the opposite trend.Chuxiong tobacco aroma positioning K values of tobacco leaf in Chuxiong averaged 0.27 showed that tobacco leaf was typical of scent type.