低温地区陆地泄漏原油的生物降解研究进展

陆地原油泄漏事故具有突发性、泄漏量大、泄漏速度快、污染面积广的特点，常对陆地生态系统造成严重的持续性破坏。综述了陆地泄漏原油对土壤环境和人体健康造成的危害，主要介绍了处理原油泄漏的方法，包括无机矿物材料的物理化学吸附法和固定化微生物处理技术。此外，针对我国低温地区陆地泄漏原油的原位处理问题，提出将物理化学吸附与微生物降解有机结合，采用粉煤灰基沸石与固定化低温石油烃降解菌联合处理的方法，充分发挥无机矿物吸附剂吸附效率高、低温高效石油烃降解菌降解彻底的优势，为我国低温地区陆地泄漏原油处理提供参考依据。

Research Progress on Biodegradation Mechanism of Land-Based Petroleum Spills in Cold Environments

Land-based petroleum spills have the characteristics of sudden occurred, large amount and fast speed of leakage, and wide pollution area, which have caused serious lasting damage to terrestrial ecosystems. This paper summarized the harm of land-based petroleum spills to soil environment and human health, and a method of dealing with oil spills was introduced, including physical and chemical adsorption of inorganic mineral materials and immobilized microorganism treatment technology. In addition, the study focused on the in-situ remediation of land-based petroleum spills in cold environments of China, and the physic chemical adsorption and microbial degradation were organically combined. Besides, the combination of fly ash based zeolite and immobilized microorganisms gave full play to the advantages of high adsorption efficiency of inorganic mineral adsorbent and complete degradation of cold adapted petroleum degrading bacteria. The study can provide scientific basis for treatment of land spilled petroleum under cold environments.