多因素约束条件下高含水油井抽油机宏观工况图版绘制与应用

现有的抽油机井宏观工况控制图版模板单一，未考虑不同油藏类型油井生产工况的差异性，无法满足多类型油藏油井合理工况评价的需要，同时图版仅考虑了泵效与沉没压力的关系，导致工况评价结果不合理。通过对高含水单元的相关影响参数进行多元回归，推导出最优的泵效计算数学模型；突破常规宏观工况控制图版的单因素二维（泵效与泵入口压力）制作方式，确定了渗透率、黏度、泵深三级分类方法和标准，并针对具体的油井类型建立了更准确的工况宏观控制图版区域边界线计算方法，形成了多因素约束条件下高含水油井抽油机井系列化宏观工况图版的制作方法，实现了多维参数对泵效影响的科学评价。对典型高含水油田胜利油田1 666个单元、20 944口抽油机井进行分类，共形成42张图版，实现了科学细分和横向可比，根据宏观工况控制图版制作方法，以胜利油田各单元按泵深分类为例，制作了高渗稀油及常规稠油Ⅰ宏观工况图版；通过油井现场实测示功图的逐井评价，功图符合率由原图版的80.1%上升到96.3%，证明新的宏观工况图版更加科学合理。现场应用效果表明，新图版能够提升油井生产时率和系统效率，降低油井作业费用，有利于提升油田油井工况管理水平和生产效益。

Preparation and application of macroscopic behavior chart of pumping unit in high-water-cut oil wells under the constraint of multiple factors

Existing macroscopic behavior control charts of rod pumped wells are simple in templates without considering the difference of production behaviors of oil wells in different types of oil reservoirs, so they cannot satisfy the demand to evaluate the rational behavior of oil wells in various oil reservoirs.Furthermore, these charts only take into account the relationship between pump efficiency and submergence pressure, so the behavior evaluation results are not reasonable.In this paper, the mathematical model for calculating the optimal pump efficiency was derived by conducting multiple regression on the influential parameters related with high water cut units.The conventional two-dimension (pump efficiency and pump inlet pressure) single factor preparation mode of macroscopic behavior control chart was broken through and the three-level classification method and standard of permeability, viscosity and plunger depth was established.Besides, a more accurate calculation method of regional boundary line of macroscopic behavior control chart was developed specially based on the each type of oil well.Thus, the method to prepare serial macroscopic behavior charts of rod pumped oil wells of high water cut under the constraint of multiple factors is formed, and the effects of multidimensional parameters on pump efficiency can be evaluated scientifically.1 666 units and 20 944 rod pumped wells in Shengli Oilfield which is a typical high water cut oilfield were classified and 42 charts were formed, so that scientific division and lateral comparability are realized.According to the preparation method of macroscopic behavior control chart, the macroscopic behavior chart I of high-permeability thin oil and conventional heavy oil was prepared with the plunger depth based unit classification of Shengli Oilfield as the example.The coincidence rate of indicator diagram is increased from 80.1% (original template) to 96.3% by evaluating the indicator diagrams actually measured in field one by one.It is demonstrated that the new macroscopic behavior chart is more rational.Field application results show that by virtue of this new chart, the production time efficiency and system efficiency of oil wells are improved and the their operation cost is reduced.Obviously, this new chart is favorable for improving the oil well behavior management level and production benefit of oil fields.