深水浊积水道构型要素特征及三维分布模拟

在深水油气田勘探、评价和开发中，浊积水道砂岩以其重要性和复杂性著称，由于其较强的非均质性及当前认识的局限性，导致已有沉积模式在实际开发应用中出现种种矛盾。基于岩心、测井、野外露头和高频地震等信息，对限制型下切水道体系（三级构型）内部岩相进行划分及特征描述，从岩性变化的角度总结了浊积水道构型模式，并通过多级建模的方法对岩性分布进行三维模拟。研究结果表明：地震资料可识别的浊积水道构型要素类型主要包括4种，从水道底部到顶部的发育顺序包括底部滞留沉积、滑塌碎屑流沉积、高净毛比叠置河道砂沉积和低净毛比天然堤型水道沉积，每期河道砂体均由不同比例的这几部分构型要素组成。水道体系（三级构型）内部四级~五级水道在迁移摆动过程中反复的下切和充填，是造成现今储层非均质性较强的最直接原因。浊积水道构型三维模拟结果，体现了岩相变化的韵律性及相控约束的特点，直接影响开发方案设计和井网优化。

Characteristics and 3D distribution simulation of architecture elements in deep-water turbidity channels

The turbidity channel sandstone is noted for its importance and complexity in deep-water oil and gas fields' exploration,evaluation and development.Due to its high heterogeneity and limitations in current study,various contradictions exist between the existing sedimentary models and observations in the practical application.Based on the information derived from core and outcrop observation,well logging,and high-frequency seismic tests,we categorized the internal facies of restricted incised channel system(Grade 3 configuration)and described their features.The turbidity facies model was summarized from the perspective of lithological cycles,and the lithologic 3D distribution was simulated by means of geologic modeling.The results show that, (1) four types of turbidite architecture elements could be identified from the seismic data,including lag deposits,slump debris flow deposits,superimposed channel sand deposits with high net-to-gross ratio(NTG)and natural levee channel deposits with low NTG,occurring from the bottom of the channel to the top.The turbidite channel sand bodies at every cycle are composed of these four architecture elements in varying proportions. (2) Grade 4-5 channels within the turbidite channel system(Grade 3 configuration)incise and fill repeatedly in the process of migration and swinging,which is the immediate reason for the high reservoir heterogeneity at present. (3) The 3D simulation of the turbidite channel architecture reconstructs the rhythmicity of lithological change and features of facies-controlled constraints,which can guide the design of development scenarios and optimization of well patterns.