Hydroxymethylation of technical lignins from South American sources with potential use in phenolic resins |
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Authors: | María Eugenia Taverna Fernando Felissia María Cristina Area Diana Alejandra Estenoz Verónica Viviana Nicolau |
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Affiliation: | 1. GPol, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional San Francisco, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Avenida de la Universidad 501, San Francisco, Córdoba, Argentina
Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (UNL-CONICET) Güemes, 3450, Santa Fe, Argentina;2. Programa de Celulosa y Papel - Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, IMAM (UNaM-CONICET, Argentina, Félix de Azara 1552, Posadas, Argentina;3. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC (UNL-CONICET) Güemes, 3450, Santa Fe, Argentina;4. GPol, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional San Francisco, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Avenida de la Universidad 501, San Francisco, Córdoba, Argentina |
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Abstract: | This work investigates the valorization of sodium lignosulfonate, kraft, and organosolv lignins from South America. A detailed characterization of the lignins and their chemical modification by hydroxymethylation through its reaction with formaldehyde were performed. The characterization included measurements of moisture, ash, carbohydrate contents, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, and functional groups, molar mass distributions by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. Also, reactive aromatic hydrogens (? HAr) were quantified by the measurement of phenolic hydroxyl groups (P-OH) content by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The different initial formaldehyde/lignin weight ratios (0.07, 1.47), temperatures (40, 50, and 70 °C), and pHs (9, 11); and the following of hydroxymethylation reactions by UV–Vis spectroscopy were investigated. All lignins resulted attractive for the use as replacement of phenol in phenolic resins, but sodium lignosulfonate was the most appropriate due to its water solubility. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47712. |
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Keywords: | characterization hydromethylation phenolic resins technical lignins |
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