地铁疏散系统设计研究现状与进展

目的 对地铁疏散系统设计的研究现状进行梳理和分析，提出存在问题和建议解决方案，并对此领域后续研究重点进行探讨。方法 以易识性的概念为基础，结合地铁突发事件的特点，通过大量文献检索、搜集与整理，对应急疏散路径、应急信息传达、应急设施技术、应急管理技术等影响地铁疏散系统设计的重要层面进行研究与分析。结论 地铁突发事件中火灾爆炸事故、水灾事故、紧急制动事故是事发最多的三种事故形式，且具有突然性、封闭性、恐慌性、复杂性的特点;完善的地铁疏散系统设计包含了应急行为特征、应急信息传达、应急设施技术、应急管理技术等多个方面;地铁空间内应急信息的呈现和宣传应具备较高的易识性，这可以极为有利地帮助人们理解和阅读相关的重要信息，可使乘客熟知在突发情况中如何行动，防患于未然，但目前对于地铁应急信息易识性的研究较少，并未形成体系，可作为后续研究重点。

Research Status and Progress of Subway Evacuation System Design

The work aims to put forward the existing problems and corresponding solutions by sorting out and analyzing the research status of subway evacuation system design and discuss the focus of follow-up research in this field. Based on the concept of legibility and combined with the characteristics of subway incidents, the important aspects affecting the design of subway evacuation system, such as emergency evacuation path, emergency information transmission, emergency facilities technology and emergency management technology were studied and analyzed through the retrieval, collection and arrangement of a large number of documents. Explosion, flood and emergency braking are the three most frequent accidents in subway accidents, which have the characteristics of suddenness, closure, panic and complexity. The perfect design of subway evacuation systems includes emergency behavior characteristics, emergency information transmission, emergency facilities technology, emergency management technology, etc. The presentation and publicity of emergency information in subway space should have higher legibility, which is highly advantageous to help people understand and read the related important information and know how to act in emergencies so as to take preventive measures. However, there are fewer researches on the legibility of subway emergency information, not forming a system, so this can be the focus of future research.