Iron oxide nanoparticles improved biocompatibility and removal of middle molecule uremic toxin of polysulfone hollow fiber membranes |
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Authors: | Noresah Said Muhammad Nidzhom Zainol Abidin Hasrinah Hasbullah Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Pei Sean Goh Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman Mohd Sohaimi Abdullah Be Cheer Ng Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir Fatmawati Kamal |
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Affiliation: | 1. Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering (SCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia |
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Abstract: | Middle molecule uremic toxins constitute to a quarter of uremic toxins present in human blood. In a condition where these uremic toxins accumulate in bloodstream due to renal failure, blood purification process using a high performance membrane is required. Here, we develop biocompatible mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) made up of polysulfone (PSf) and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with the focus to remove middle molecule uremic toxin effectively. The MMMs were evaluated in terms of their biocompatibility and separation performance. At higher Fe2O3 NPs loading, the MMM displayed a huge reduction of protein adsorption and platelet adhesion while maintaining normal blood coagulation time and acceptable complement activation. The optimized MMM exhibited high permeability (110.47 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), protein retention (99.9%) and demonstrated excellent clearance of urea (82%) and lysozyme (46.7%). The PSf/Fe2O3 MMM is proven to have promising attributes for hemodialysis application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48234. |
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Keywords: | biocompatibility blood purification hemodialysis iron oxide nanoparticles middle molecule uremic toxin mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes |
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