2000—2021年中国城市山地景观保护规划与立法中的界线划定模式

随着全球人口聚集增长,快速城市化地区的山地景观因市民生产和生活而变化,因而各国纷纷通过保护规划与立法保护景观特征及生态。现有研究已从4个切入角度揭示相关实践的广度和深度,但尚未就保护界线划定问题进行系统探讨。以当代中国内地城市为研究对象,基于内容分析法与空间制图法比较来自60个城市的76份山地景观保护规划或法规文本,分别从山地本体保护界线、山地内部管控强度、山地周边管控界线3个方面识别相关保护界线划定模式。研究发现:1)上述城市主要分布在东部低海拔地区,但其山地景观保护界线划定模式并不存在明显的地区性聚集规律;2)相关城市主要基于坡度、绝对高程、相对高程、山脊等地貌特征因子划定山地景观保护界线,同时根据行政区划、管控分区、特定用地类型与区位、视野及定性条件等经济社会因素进行修正。对中国部分城市山地景观保护界线划定问题进行系统总结,可为中国乃至世界其他城市的相关问题提供参考。

Boundary Delineation Patterns in Mountain Landscape Protection Planning and Legislation of Chinese Cities from 2000 to 2021

With the agglomeration and growth of global population, mountain landscape in areas of rapid urbanization is changing with the production and life of local citizens, so countries around the world have adopted such means as protection planning and legislation to protect landscape features and ecology. Existing researches have revealed the breadth and depth of relevant practice from four perspectives, but have not yet systematically explored how to delineate the protection boundary of mountain landscape. Taking contemporary cities in mainland China as research objects and based on content analysis and spatial mapping, this research compares 76 mountain landscape conservation plans or ordinances from 60 cities to identify relevant protection boundary delineation patterns from the following three aspects: delineation of the protection boundary of mountain areas as a whole; definition of the regulation intensity within mountain areas; delineation of regulation boundary around mountain areas. The research finds that: 1) the above cities are mainly located in low-altitude areas in East China, but there is no obvious regional aggregation in their mountain landscape protection boundary delineation patterns; 2) in these cities, the protection scope of mountain landscape is delineated mainly based on geomorphological characteristic factors such as slope, absolute elevation, relative elevation and ridge, subject to rectification according to relevant economic and social factors such as administrative division, regulation zoning, specific land use type and location, field of view and qualitative conditions. By systematically summarizing regional and national mountain landscape protection and boundary delimitation issues, the research can provide reference for related issues in China and even other parts of the world.