陕西安康地区10 个日本引种枇杷果实品质比较

通过果实品质比较分析建立陕西安康地区引种枇杷品质评价方法，为划分品种类型并筛选适宜当地枇杷产业发展的优良品种提供参考依据。对10 个日本引种枇杷果实的物性指标、营养指标及功能性指标进行测定，采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对枇杷品质进行评价。结果表明：不同评价指标在10 个日本引种枇杷果实的检测结果中存在较大差异，但综合品质均优于当地品种‘麦后黄’。主成分分析提取出风味、抗氧化、加工和总酚4 项主成分因子，累计方差贡献率达到85.666%。根据主成分综合评价函数，综合排名前3 名的品种分别是‘ADVANCE’、‘津云’和‘CHAMPAGNE’。聚类分析将10 个日本引种枇杷聚为5 类，经初步分析，第1类具有一定的保健价值；第2类可考虑作为加工果汁、果醋类饮料的原料；第3类是适宜鲜食的品种。主成分分析和聚类分析方法相结合可综合评价枇杷果实品质，为其品种开发类型的选择及有效利用提供参考。

Quality Comparison of 10 Japanese Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Cultivars Introduced in Ankang,Shannxi, China

A comparative analysis of fruit quality was carried out among 10 Japanese loquat cultivars introduced in Ankang, Shaanxi, China and a method for the quality evaluation of these cultivars was established in order to provide a basis for the classification of various varieties and the selection of suitable varieties for the development of local loquat industry. The physical, nutritional and functional properties of loquats were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the quality of loquats. The results showed that the introduced cultivars exhibited significant differences in all fruit quality attributes investigated, and their quality was overall better than that of the local cultivar Maihouhuang. In PCA analysis, four principal parameters, flavor, antioxidant capacity, processing method and total phenol content, were extracted, which contributed cumulatively to 85.666% of the total variation. According to the comprehensive evaluation function developed based on PCA, the top 3 varieties were ‘ADVANCE’, ‘Jinyun’ and ‘CHAMPAGNE’ respectively. CA divided these 10 cultivars into 5 categories. The first category had health beneficial value; the second one was suitable for processing fruit juice and vinegar beverages; the third one could be directly eaten. The combination of PCA and CA could allow comprehensive quality evaluation of loquat fruit, which can provide a basis for loquat breeding and effective utilization.