食用槟榔的急性毒性及抗氧化作用研究

目的研究槟榔提取液及卤水的急性毒性和抗氧化作用。方法对2种食用槟榔成品、2种槟榔卤水溶液、槟榔腌果和槟榔干果水提取液各1份、采用经口急性毒性试验方法,研究各样品对小鼠的急性毒性效应;以超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)和谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)为指标,研究各样品在高、中、低3个浓度饲喂90 d时对小白鼠抗氧化酶的影响。结果 2种食用槟榔成品对小鼠的半数致死量(LD_(50))分别为69.42g/(kg·bw)和38.22g/(kg·bw),腌果和干果的半致死剂量(LD_(50))值分别为34.88 g/(kg·bw)和41.14 g/(kg·bw),卤水的LD_(50)4848 g/(kg·bw),食用槟榔成品LD_(50)值显著低于槟榔腌果(P0.01),但与干果LD_(50)无显著差异。槟榔成品及其相应卤水样品对小鼠血清SOD活性、MDA含量无显著变化(P0.05);各处理组GST活性均低于对照组,部分样品下降显著。结论按照急性毒性分级标准,槟榔成品、腌果、干果和卤水均属于实际无毒级,该剂量下槟榔提取物未对小鼠抗氧化作用产生显著影响。

Study on acute toxicity and antioxidant effects of edible Areca catechu

Objective To investigate the acute toxicity and antioxidant effect of Areca catechu extract and its brine. Methods Acute oral toxicity test of the water extract of 2 kinds of Areca catechu products and their brine, and the water extract of pickled and dry Areca catechu were studied. With superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as indexes, the effects of different samples on antioxidant enzymes of mice fed with high, medium and low concentrations for 90 d were studied. Results The LC50 values of 2 kinds of Areca catechu products were 69.42 g/(kg?bw) and 38.22 g/(kg?bw), respectively, LC50 values of the pickled fruit and dry fruit were 34.88 g/(kg?bw) and 41.14 g/(kg?bw), respectively, and LC50 values of the brine were more than 4848 g/(kg?bw). The LD50 value of Areca catechu products was significantly lower than that of pickled fruit (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference with that of dried fruit. Areca catechu products and its brine had no significant effect on SOD activity and MDA content in serum of mice (P>0.05). The GST activity of each treatment group was lower than that of the control group, and some samples decreased significantly. Conclusion According to the classification standard of acute toxicity, Areca catechu products, pickled fruit, dry fruit and brine are all non-toxic. The test dosage of Areca catechu extracts has no significant impact on the antioxidant effect on mice.