部分地区荞麦食品中黄曲霉毒素AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2的污染评价

目的:了解6个地区6个类型荞麦食品中黄曲霉毒素AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2的污染状况。方法:采用柱前衍生高效液相色谱法对2016年沿海地区、西南地区、华中地区、华北地区、东北地区、西北地区6个地区的荞麦种子、米、粉、茶、面、饭6个类型的荞麦食品中黄曲霉毒素AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2含量进行测定,通过统计分析后进行评价。结果:6个地区荞麦食品中总的黄曲霉毒素的检出率为34.92%,最高为26.8μg/kg,其中主要是AFB1和AFG1的污染严重,AFB1的阳性率为14.29%,AFG1的阳性率为17.46%,根据美国食品药品监督管理局对黄曲霉毒素在食品中的残留限量规定,总的黄曲霉毒素超标率为3.17%。方差分析:不同类型的荞麦食品对AFB1含量有极显著影响,并且荞麦面比其他类型的荞麦食品AFB1更容易超标。收成月平均温度对AFB1含量有极显著影响(p<0.01),收成月平均温度越高,AFB1含量越高。AFB1与AFG1呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。结论:荞麦食品受到黄曲霉毒素污染,但污染程度较轻,并且黄曲霉毒素AFB1污染受到收成月温度影响,AFB1污染的增加同时也常常伴随着AFG1污染的增加。

Contamination Evaluation of Aflatoxin AFB1,AFB2,AFG1 and AFG2 in Buckwheat Foods from Some Areas

Objective:To understand the status on aflatoxin contamination in buckwheat food. Methods:The contents of aflatoxin including AFB1,AFB2,AFG1 and AFG2 in six types of buckwheat foods in 2016 including seeds,rice,flour,tea,noodles and cooked rice from coastal,southwestern,central,northern,northeastern and northwestern regions of China were investigated and evaluated by statistical analysis. Results:The relevance ratio of aflatoxin in six types ofbuckwheat foods in six areas was 34.92%,with the highest contents of 26.8 μg/kg,which was mainly AFB1 and AFG1 pollution,the positive rate of AFB1 was 14.29%,and the positive rate of AFG1 was 17.46%. According to the U.S.Food and Drug Administration on the residue of aflatoxin in food limited the general provisions of aflatoxin,there was the over standard rate of 3.17%. The results of variance analysis showed that different types of buckwheat foods had a low effect on the contents of aflatoxins. Average temperature in harvest month had an obvious effect on AFB1 content,the higher average temperature in harvest month and the higher contents of AFB1.There was significant positive correlation between AFB1 and AFG1. Conclusion:Buckwheat foods were contaminated with aflatoxin at a lesser level,and aflatoxin AFB1 pollution was affected by the monthly temperature of the harvest season. The increasing in AFB1 pollution was also often accompanied by an increasing in AFG1 pollution.