膜分离与醇沉技术纯化猴头菇粗多糖的比较

研究膜分离和醇沉两种技术对猴头菇粗多糖分离效果及其抗氧化活性的影响。以猴头菇子实体为原料，通过热水浸提后分别用醇沉、纳滤、纳滤＋醇沉、微滤＋纳滤、微滤＋纳滤＋醇沉5 种方法得到猴头菇粗多糖，分别记为A-He P、B-He P、C-He P、D-He P和E-He P。比较5 种方法对猴头菇粗多糖的分离纯化效果、理化性质和抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明，微滤＋纳滤技术分离纯化效果较好，其粗多糖得率为10.08%，纯度为43.01%，提取液中80.34%的多糖得到保留。经傅里叶变换红外光谱分析，5 种工艺处理获得的粗多糖样品均具有典型的吡喃型葡聚糖和β-型糖苷键吸收峰。5 种处理获得的粗多糖样品中均含一定量的蛋白质，且B-He P的蛋白质量分数高于C-He P，说明微滤处理可以除去部分蛋白而提高多糖的纯度。还原力、·OH、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐阳离子自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除结果表明，5 种粗多糖样品均具有一定的抗氧化能力，且D-He P的抗氧化能力最佳。

Comparison of Membrane Separation and Alcohol Precipitation for the Separation of Crude Polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus

We compared the effects of membrane separation and alcohol precipitation on the separation efficiency and antioxidant activity of crude polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. Five different methods including alcohol precipitation, nanofiltration, nanofiltration + alcohol precipitation, microfiltration + nanofiltration and microfiltration + nanofiltration + alcohol precipitation were used in this study to obtain crude polysaccharides from the hot water extract from Hericium erinaceus, designated A-He P, B-He P, C-He P, D-He P and E-He P, respectively. The separation efficiencies of the five methods and the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharides were compared. Results showed that microfiltration + nanofiltration was the best method for the separation of crude polysaccharides. This method gave a polysaccharide yield of 10.08% and a purity was 43.01%, and recovered 80.34% of the polysaccharides in the extract. All five crude polysaccharides exhibited the typical absorption peaks of pyran-type glucan and β-glycosidic bond in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. In addition, these polysaccharides contained protein, and the protein content in B-He P was higher than that in C-He P, indicating that some proteins could be removed by microfiltration. Moreover, the crude polysaccharides had antioxidant capacity as evaluated by reducing power, ·OH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays; D-He P had the best antioxidant capacity.