驴腿肉与其他畜腿肉挥发性风味物质差异研究

利用气相电子鼻和气相色谱—质谱联用分析仪等对4种畜腿肉挥发性风味物质进行定性和定量检测,并通过气相色谱分析仪进行脂肪酸组成测定。气相电子鼻结果表明驴腿肉与猪腿肉风味差异最小,与牛腿肉差异最大。GC-MS共检出76种挥发性物质,以醛类为主,驴、猪、牛、羊腿肉中醛类占比分别为70.71%,75.36%,48.76%,55.94%,其中具有清香和青草气味的正己醛含量最高,贡献风味比例依次为29.89%,20.46%,12.74%,10.78%。驴、猪、牛、羊腿肉中的主要饱和脂肪酸总含量依次为30.01%,39.05%,36.34%,48.42%;不饱和脂肪酸总量依次为63.19%,57.10%,49.03%,43.71%。综上,影响驴腿肉风味特征的主要化合物为正己醛,其来源于亚油酸的氧化分解。

Comparative study on volatile flavor among the leg meat from donkey and other livestock animals

The volatile flavor compounds in donkey, pig, cattle and sheep leg meat were qualitatively and quantitatively detected by gas electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the fatty acid composition was also determined by gas chromatography analyzer. The results of gas-phase electronic nose showed that the flavor difference between the leg meat from donkey and pig was not obvious. However, the significant difference between that from donkey and beef was observed, with 76 volatile substances detected by GC-MS, mainly aldehydes. Aldehydes accounted for 70.71%, 75.36%, 48.76%, 55.94% in donkey, pig, beef and sheep, respectively. The content of n-hexanal with faint scent and grass smell was the highest, accounting for 29.89%, 20.46%, 12.74% and 10.78% of the total flavor respectively. The total content of main saturated fatty acids in donkey, pig, beef, and sheep was 30.01%, 39.05%, 36.34%, and 48.42%, and unsaturated fatty acids were 63.19%, 57.10%, 49.03%, and 43.71%, respectively. In conclusion, the main compound affecting the flavor characteristics of donkey meat was n-hexanal, which originated from the oxidative decomposition of linoleic acid.