膳食营养素与炎症性肠病关系研究进展

炎症性肠病（inflammation bowel disease，IBD）是一组以肠道炎症性细胞浸润、肠黏膜受损为主要表现的肠道慢性炎症病变，包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病。流行病学调查结果显示，高脂摄入增加IBD的发病风险，IBD的发病率与居民动物蛋白摄入量的增加有一定的关联性，膳食纤维摄入量与IBD发病率呈负相关。IBD的发病机制复杂，主要包括遗传因素和环境因素，其中饮食是重要的环境因素之一；目前膳食营养干预是防治IBD的有效策略。本文综述了近年来膳食脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物三大营养素对IBD发病机制影响方面的研究，并从膳食营养素的角度综合分析了IBD的饮食干预治疗策略。

Progress in Understanding the Relationship between Dietary Nutrients and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders characterized by intestinal inflammatory cell infiltration and intestinal mucosal damage, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Epidemiological findings indicated that high fat intake increased the risk of developing IBD, the incidence of IBD was associated with increased intake of animal proteins, and dietary fiber intake was negatively correlated with the incidence of IBD. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex, including genetic factors and environmental factors, of which diet is one of the most important environmental factors. Currently, dietary nutrition intervention is an effective strategy for the prevention and control of IBD. In this review we summarize recent studies on the effects of dietary fat, proteins and carbohydrates on the pathogenesis of IBD, and analyze dietary intervention strategies against IBD from the perspective of dietary nutrients.