细菌纤维素的生物合成及在食品工业的应用

细菌纤维素是经微生物发酵形成的新型生物合成材料,具有机械强度高、吸水性能好、纯度高、结晶度高等优良特性,广泛应用于食品工业等领域。已报道的产细菌纤维素的细菌有醋酸菌属(Acetobacter)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、八叠球菌属(Sarcina)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobaeterium)、假单胞菌属(Preudomonas)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)、固氮菌属(Azotobacter)、气杆菌属(Aerobacter)和产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)这9个属中的某些种,真正能够应用于工业化生产细菌纤维素的只有醋酸菌中的几个种,他们是木醋杆菌(Acetobacter xylinum)、醋化醋杆菌(Acetobacteraceti)、产醋醋杆菌(Acetobacteracotigenum)和巴氏醋杆菌(Acetobacter pastcurianum)。本文通过分析近期国内外与细菌纤维素相关文献,对其高产菌种选育、培养基优化和发酵模式等方面的研究进行综述,并展望其在食品工业中的应用前景,为进一步深入研究细菌纤维素提供理论基础和科学依据。

Bacterial cellulose biosynthesis and application on food industry

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one kind of new biological synthetic material, which is produced by microbial fermentation, has excellent properties including high mechanical strength, good water retention ability, and high crystallinity, which is applied widely to industries such as food industry. Only 9 kinds of strains including Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Sarcina, Agrobaeterium, Preudomonas, Achromobacter, Azotobacter, Aerobacter and Alcaligenes had been reported to produce BC, and it can really be used in industrial production of BC are Acetobacter xylinum, Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter acotigenum, and Acetobacter pastcurianum in Acetobacter. This paper reviewed high-yielding strain breeding, medium optimization and fermentation pattern by analyzing the recent domestic and foreign literatures related to bacterial cellulose, and prospected the application prospect of this technology in the food industry, in order to provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for the further research of bacterial cellulose.