含水量和处理温度对人工加速老化试验中水稻种子储藏特性的影响

为了克服已有的高温高湿的人工老化方法受人工气候箱的控温控湿条件的局限性,以确保试验过程中种子含水量和温度的稳定性,本文研究在人工气候箱环境材料间开放和密闭的条件下水稻种子含水量随处理时间的变化规律;进而研究密闭常湿条件下处理30 d的不同温度、不同含水量籼粳材料种子发芽率变化。结果表明,与初始含水量范围相比,储藏过程中粳稻材料和籼稻材料的含水量范围,30 ℃＋RH 75%、30 ℃＋RH 85%的开放储藏条件下,分别缩小为原来的31%和24%、26%和25%,而30 ℃＋常湿、34 ℃＋常湿的密闭储藏条件下,则仅分别缩小为原来的94%和81%、90%和87%;38 ℃＋常湿＋30 d、42 ℃＋常湿＋30 d的密闭储藏条件下,初始含水量差异的粳稻和籼稻材料,发芽率差异最高和最低分别为85.0%和7.0%、98.5%和11%;进一步计算种子人工加速老化处理30 d的发芽率下降百分率,38 ℃＋常湿、42 ℃＋常湿的密闭储藏条件,初始含水量14.00%的粳稻材料和籼稻材料,其发芽率下降百分率已分别达到63.31%和88.83%。初步分析获得:38 ℃＋常湿＋初始含水量14.00%＋30 d＋密闭储藏、42 ℃＋常湿＋初始含水量14.00%＋30 d＋密闭储藏分别是粳稻和籼稻人工加速老化试验最适宜的处理条件。本研究为获得稳定的、可重复的人工加速老化新方法提供理论参考。

Effect of Moisture Content and Treatment Temperature on Storage Characteristics of Rice Seeds under Artificial Accelerating Ageing Test

To overcome the conditions limitation of artificial climate chamber for controlling temperature and humidity, and to ensure the invariant of moisture content and treatment temperature in an artificial accelerating ageing test, in this paper, an open system and a closed system were used to investigate the variation of moisture content of rice seeds under artificial climate chamber environment;On this basis, closed system, normal humidity, different temperature, different moisture contents and 30 days treatment time were used to study the variation of germination rates of Japonica and Indica rice materials seeds. The results indicated:Compared with the initial moisture content range, the moisture content ranges of Japonica and Indica rice materials were respectively reduced to the original 31% and 24%, 26% and 25% under 30℃+Relative Humidity 75% and 30℃+Relative Humidity 85% and an open storage condition, and was respectively reduced to the original 94%, 81%, 90% and 87% under 30℃+normal humidity and 34℃+normal humidity and a closed storage condition;38℃+normal humidity+30 d and 42℃+normal humidity+30 d and a closed storage condition were used to investigate the germination rate of Japonica and Indica materials with different initial moisture contents, and the highest value and the minimum were respectively 85.0% and 7.0%, 98.5% and 11%;Further, the percentage reduction (%) of the germination rate of Japonica and Indica rice materials under 38℃+normal humidity+30 d and 42℃+normal humidity+30 d and a closed storage condition were respectively calculated, and achieved respectively 63.31% and 88.83% with 14.00% initial moisture content. Therefore, 38℃+normal humidity+14.00%+30 d+closed storage, 42℃+normal humidity+14.00%+30 d+closed storage were respectively the optimum conditions of artificial accelerating ageing tests for Japonica and Indica rice materials. Thus this paper provides the theory basis for a new accelerating ageing test coincided with stable and reproduceable method.