不同产地红米营养成分比较

为全面了解我国红米的主要营养指标,本文对全国近十五个主产区的红米样品进行营养成分分析检测,通过国标法和高效液相色谱法检测对比各地红米中粗脂肪、粗淀粉、粗蛋白、水份、灰分、氨基酸、γ-氨基丁酸及花色苷的含量差异。结果表明,各个地方的红米在粗脂肪、粗淀粉、粗蛋白、水分、灰分均无明显差异,但氨基酸区别较大。其中,福建福安6号红米样品的17种氨基酸含量均高于其他地区红米。云南哈尼红米中的γ-氨基丁酸和花色苷含量分别为(6.01±0.14)和(38.71±2.23) μg/g,远高于其他地区红米的含量。在矿物质分析中,云南哈尼红米中的锌、钙含量最高,分别为(21.80±0.05)、(284.09±5.43) μg/g。通过分析,福建福安红米氨基酸含量丰富,EAA/TAA(必需氨基酸/总氨基酸)和EAA/NEAA(必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸)分别为35.08%、54.54%,配比合适,营养丰富。此外云南哈尼红米矿物质微量元素丰富,人体所需的几种主要元素如锌、钙等含量都比其他地区的高,γ氨基丁酸和花色苷含量也远高于其他地区,具有很高的应用和开发价值。

Comparison of Nutrient Composition of Red Rice from Different Areas

To get the comprehensive components of red rice in China,the components of 15 sample from 15 different districts were investigated.The contents of crude fat,crude starch,crude protein,water,ash,amino acids,γ-aminobutyric acid,and anthocyanins in various red rice varieties were determined by the national standard method and high performance liquid phase (HPLC).The results showed that there was no significant difference in crude fat,crude starch,crude protein,water content and ash contents of red rice in different places,but there was a significant difference in amino acids.Among them,the contents of 17 kinds of amino acids in the red rice samples of no.6 from Fujian Fuan was higher than that in other areas.The contents ofγ-aminobutyric acid and anthocyanin in Yunnan Hani red rice were (6.01 ± 0.14) and (38.71 ± 2.23)μg/g,respectively,which were much higher than those in other regions.In mineral analysis,the content of Zn and Ca in Yunnan Hani red rice was the highest,which were (21.80 ± 0.05) and (284.09 ± 5.43)μg/g. By analysis,Fujian Fuan red rice was rich in amino acids.The contents of EAA/TAA (essential amino acid/total amino acid) and EAA/NEAA (essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid) were 35.08% and 54.54%,respectively.The ratio was suitable and the nutrition was rich.In addition,there had abundant mineral elements in Hani red rice in Yunnan Province. The contents of several main elements such as zinc and calcium were higher than those in other regions,and the contents of gamma-aminobutyric acid and anthocyanin were also much higher than those in other regions,so it would have high application and development value.