破碎方式对南极磷虾干燥特性和虾粉品质影响

目的:探索一种适宜南极磷虾干燥且能较大限度保留南极磷虾虾粉营养成分的破碎方式。方法:本文分别采用搅拌方式、绞肉方式、斩拌方式对南极磷虾进行破碎,而后经干燥粉碎筛分制备虾粉,对比分析三种破碎方式和破碎时间对南极磷虾干燥特性和虾粉品质的影响。结果:颗粒度和干燥温度对南极磷虾干燥效率均有明显影响,与完整南极磷虾相比(5~7 cm),颗粒度为0.1~3 cm的南极磷虾,干燥效率可提高30.6%~48.6%,干燥温度由90 ℃逐渐升高至140 ℃,干燥效率可提高43.71%~60.30%。斩拌机对南极磷虾的破碎度较差,均匀性较低,随着破碎时间的增加,54%的南极磷虾被破碎到4 mm及以下的粒度;搅拌机和绞肉机的破碎度和均匀性较好,随着作用时间的增加,90%的南极磷虾被破碎到4 mm及以下的粒度。不同破碎设备适宜的破碎时间不同,搅拌机适宜的作用时间为15 s,绞肉机适宜作用时间是60 s,斩拌机适宜作用时间是90 s。斩拌机破碎90 s制备的虾粉三种营养成分含量均高于搅拌机和绞肉机破碎处理制备的虾粉。结论:综合考虑南极磷虾干燥效率和虾粉品质可得斩拌机破碎处理90 s是一种较好的南极磷虾破碎工艺,此时南极磷虾对应的粒径分布是1 mm及以下占25%,1~2 mm占15%,2~4 mm占14%,4~6 mm占14%,6~8 mm占7%,8~12.5 mm占25%。

Effect of Crushing Method on Drying Characteristics and Shrimp Powder Quality of Antarctic Krill

Objective: It explored a kind of crushing way that antarctic krill was dry and could keep that nutrient components of antarctic krill shrimp powder.Methods: Three kinds of equipment,namely blender,meat grinder and chopper,were used to crush the antarctic krill,and then prepared shrimp powder through dry crushing and screening. The effects of the three crushing methods and crushing time on the drying characteristics and shrimp powder quality of the antarctic krill were analyzed.Results:The particle size and drying temperature had significant effects on the drying efficiency of antarctic krill. Compared with the entire antarctic krill( 5~7 cm),particle size of 0.1~3 cm of antarctic krill,drying efficiency increased by 30.6%~48.6%,the drying temperature rose from 90 ℃ to 140 ℃,drying efficiency increased by 43.71%~60.30%. The chopper had a poor degree of fragmentation and low uniformity to the antarctic krill,with the increasing of crushing time,54% of the antarctic krill was broken to the granularity of 4 mm or less.The degree of crushing and uniformity of the blender and meat grinder were better,with the increasing of the action time,90% of the antarctic krill was crushed to the granularity of 4 mm or less.The appropriate crushing time of different crushing equipment was different,the appropriate action time of the blender was 15 s,the appropriate action time of the meat grinder was 60 s,and the appropriate action time of the chopper was 90 s.The contents of three nutrients in shrimp powder prepared by chopper after crushing for 90 s was higher than that of shrimp powder prepared by crushing and processing by blender and meat grinder. Conclusion: Considering the drying efficiency of antarctic krill and the quality of its powder,it could be concluded that the chopper machine crushing treatment of antarctic krill for 90 s was a better crushing process.At this time,the corresponding particle size distribution of antarctic krill was 1 mm and below,accounting for 25%,1~2 mm accounting for 15%,2~4 mm accounting for 14%,4 ~ 6 mm accounting for 14%,6 ~ 8 mm accounting for 7%,and8~12.5 mm accounting for 25%.