不同提取方法对牡丹籽油品质与抗氧化性的影响

采用瞬时压榨法、液压法与正己烷浸提法提取‘凤丹’牡丹籽油,研究不同方法对牡丹籽油的出油率、理化特性、主要成分组成及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:正己烷浸提法(31.26%)、瞬时压榨法(14.27%)和液压法(7.81%)三者出油率相互之间均有显著性差异(p <0.05);瞬时压榨法和液压法对牡丹籽油碘值差异无显著影响(p> 0.05),对皂化值有极显著性影响(p <0.01);正己烷浸提和液压油脂的水分及挥发性成分含量和过氧化值显著高于瞬时压榨油脂(p <0.05),而正己烷浸提油脂的酸值极显著高于其他两种方法(p <0.01)。在主要成分组成方面,三种方法得到的牡丹籽油棕榈酸、亚油酸、角鲨烯含量没有显著性差异(p> 0.05),正己烷浸提牡丹籽油中硬脂酸和油酸含量显著高于其他两种方法(p <0.01)。瞬时压榨法亚麻酸占总脂肪酸的30.98%,显著高于液压(23.22%)和正己烷浸提法(15.98%)(p <0.01);β-谷甾醇以瞬时压榨法最高,三种方法之间差异极显著(p <0.01)。抗氧化性能评价结果表明,瞬时压榨牡丹籽油对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除能力略高于液压法,对羟基自由基的清除能力则相反;液压牡丹籽油在270～450 nm范围内吸光度值高于其他两种方法,表明了其良好的防晒效果。生产中可先用瞬时压榨法或液压法对牡丹籽进行提取,再结合正己烷对油饼进行浸提,可获得高活性成分的油脂,并提高提取率。

Effects of Different Extraction Methods on the Quality and Antioxidant Properties of Paeonia suffruticosa Seed Oil

The effects of the instant press extraction,hydraulic press and n-hexane extraction methods on"Danfeng"Paeonia suffruticosa seed oil extraction as well as the oil yield,physicochemical properties,main components and antioxidant properties of the extracted oil were studied.The results showed that there were significant difference(p < 0.05) of the oil yields among the three methods of hexane extraction(31.26%),instant press method(14.27%) and hydraulic method(7.81%),respectively.There was no significance variance(p > 0.05) between instant press extraction and hydraulic press method on the oil iodine value,and very significance variance(p < 0.01) on the saponification value(p > 0.05).The water content and volatile components and peroxide value of hexane extraction and hydraulic oil were significantly higher than that of instant oil(p <0.05),and the acid value of the oil extracted from n-hexane was significantly higher than that of the other two methods(p <0.01).There were no significance varianceon the palmitic acid,linoleic acid and squalene contents of the three methods(p >0.05),butthe contents of stearic acid and oleic acid in peony seed oil extracted by n-hexane were significantly higher than those in the other two methods(p < 0.01).Linolenic acid accounted for 30.98% of the total fatty acid in instant press method,which was significantly higher than that of hydraulic(23.22%) and n-hexane extraction method(15.98%)(p < 0.01),and beta glutamol was the highest in the instant pressing method,and there was significant difference among the three methods(p <0.01).The results of antioxidant evaluation showed that the removal of 1,1-two phenyl-2-three nitrophenyl hydrazine(DPPH)free radical was slightly higher than that of the hydraulic method,and the scavenging ability to the hydroxyl radical was more than that of the instant pressed peony seed oil.The absorbance value of the hydraulic peony seed oil in the range of 270~450 nm was higher than that of the other two methods,which showed a good sunscreen effect.Practically,the peony seed oil could be extracted by the instant press or hydraulic method firstly,then the oil cake could be extracted with hexane,combination of the two steps would improve the oil nutrition as well as contribute to the high oil extraction rate.