嫁接与实生金花茶的叶片和花朵营养成分分析与评价

该文研究了嫁接对金花茶营养成分的影响,拟为采用嫁接育苗方法实现金花茶资源的快速开发利用提供理论依据。以嫁接和实生金花茶的叶片、花朵为材料,依据各营养成分测定的国家标准分别对其氨基酸、主要活性物质及矿质元素的含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,嫁接金花茶叶片中氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量显著高于实生金花茶(P<0.05),而嫁接金花茶花朵中这两种物质的含量与实生植株无显著差异(P>0.05)。嫁接金花茶叶片和花朵中粗蛋白、总糖、灰分、茶多酚、茶多糖、总皂苷的含量与实生金花茶无显著差异(P>0.05);嫁接植株叶片和花朵中粗纤维、维生素C含量显著高于实生植株,总黄酮含量表现为嫁接植株叶片高于实生植株,而嫁接植株花朵低于实生植株。大部分矿质元素(K、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo)在嫁接和实生金花茶叶片、花朵中无显著差异(P>0.05);嫁接植株叶片中Mn、V、Se含量显著低于实生植株,嫁接植株花朵中Mn、Na含量显著低于实生植株。嫁接金花茶叶片和花朵中大部分营养成分和生理活性物质的含量与实生植株的差异并不显著,因此,采用嫁接方法培育金花茶可作为满足其日益增长的原材料需要的重要补充。

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components from Leaves and Flowers of Camellia nitidissima in Grafted and Seedling Trees

In this paper,the effect of grafting on the nutrient composition of Camellia nitidissima was studied,and it was proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the rapid development and utilization of C. nitidissima by grafting seedling methods. The contents of amino acids,main active substances and mineral elements were determined and analyzed according to the national standards for the determination of nutrient components. The results showed that the total amount of amino acids and essential amino acids in the leaves of grafted C. nitidissima were significantly higher than the seedling trees(P<0.05),but the contents of these two substances in flowers in grafted trees were not significantly different from those in the seedling trees(P>0.05). The contents of crude protein,total sugar,ash,tea polyphenols,tea polysaccharides and total saponins in the leaves and flowers of grafted trees were not significantly different from those in the seedling trees(P>0.05);the content of crude fiber and vitamin C in the leaves and flowers of grafted trees was significantly higher than seedling trees. The total flavonoids content showed that the leaves of grafted trees were higher than the seedling trees,while the flowers of grafted trees were lower than the seedling trees. Most of the mineral elements(K,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mo)were not significantly different in the grafted and seedling trees(P>0.05);the contents of Mn,V and Se in leaves in the grafted trees were significantly lower than the seedling trees,the Mn and Na contents of flowers in grafted trees were significantly lower than those in the seedling trees. There was not significant difference in the content of most nutrients and physiologically active substances in leaves and flowers of grafted and seedling trees. Therefore,the cultivation of C. nitidissima by grafting method can be an important supplement to meet the needs of its growing raw materials.