泌乳期母乳脂肪酸变化及其多不饱和脂肪酸影响因素

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定不同泌乳期母乳中脂肪酸的动态变化，并分析乳母血型、生育年龄、孕周、孕前身体质量指数（body mass index，BMI）、分娩方式和婴儿性别、胎次对成熟母乳中与婴儿生长发育直接相关的重要多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid，PUFA），亚油酸（linoleic acid，LA）、α-亚麻酸（α-linolenic acid，ALA）、花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid，AA），二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid，EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid，DHA）相对含量的影响。结果显示，饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid，SFA）含量在初乳和成熟乳间差异显著（P＜0.05），单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid，MUFA）含量随着泌乳期的延长逐渐降低，但差异不显著（P＞0.05），PUFA含量在各泌乳期无显著差异（P＞0.05），AA、DHA含量随着泌乳期的延长逐渐降低，在初乳、过渡乳中含量差异均不显著（P＞0.05），但均显著高于成熟乳中含量（P＜0.05）；母乳中LA含量与婴儿性别有关，ALA含量与乳母孕前BMI有关，母乳中AA、EPA含量与乳母血型有关，DHA含量与乳母孕前BMI、乳母血型有关，均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。

Changes of Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Milk during Different Lactation Periods and Factors Influencing Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the dynamic changes of fatty acids in breast milk during different lactation periods. The effects of maternal blood type, childbearing age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery, gestational age, infant sex and parity on the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) directly related to infant growth and development such as linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mature milk were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in colostrum and mature milk were significantly different (P < 0.05). The content of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) decreased gradually with the prolongation of lactation period, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of total PUFAs during different lactation stages (P > 0.05). The contents of AA and DHA decreased gradually with the prolongation of lactation; they were not significantly different between colostrum and transitional milk (P > 0.05), but were significantly higher than those in mature milk (P < 0.05). LA content in breast milk was relate to infant sex, ALA content was related to pre-pregnancy BMI, the contents of AA and EPA were related to maternal blood type, the content of DHA was related to pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal blood type; all these correlations were statistically significant (P < 0.05).