超临界流体萃取与模拟移动床色谱纯化灵芝三萜类化合物

采用超临界二氧化碳对灵芝子实体进行萃取，并通过模拟移动床（simulated moving bed，SMB）对粗萃物中的灵芝三萜类化合物进行分离纯化，研究其过程并监测灵芝酸A、灵芝酸F与灵芝醇B三种指标成分的含量变化。优化超临界二氧化碳萃取的条件，并搭配不同流动相设计了不同的SMB管柱组态，成功地移除了粗萃物中的高极性杂质与低极性杂质，从而有效地提高了总三萜含量。结果表明：添加乙醇作为夹带剂可有效提高灵芝三萜类化合物的萃取率，萃取时间2 h可将目标组分萃取完全，且粗萃物中含有灵芝酸A 4.50%，灵芝酸F 3.39%，灵芝醇B 0.29%。此外，SMB管柱设计组态为1-1-3/3，可有效地移除高极性杂质，3 种指标成分灵芝酸A、灵芝酸F和灵芝醇B质量分数分别提高至19.34%、15.51%和0.74%。而SMB管柱设计组态为2/3/3时，可移除低极性杂质，灵芝酸A、灵芝酸F和灵芝醇B质量分数分别提高至5.70%、4.17%和0.85%。这显示，高极性杂质是超临界流体粗萃物中的主要杂质。因此，未来灵芝三萜类化合物量产应以移除高极性杂质为主要研究对象。

YU Shuqi,BAO Xiaoqing,LIANG Mingtsai,JIN Chenzhong,TIAN Wei

Triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography was then applied to remove impurities from the crude extract. The contents of ganoderic acid A (GAA), ganoderic acid F (GAF) and ganoderol B (GB) were monitored during the process. The extraction conditions were optimized. Using the optimal SMB columns and mobile phases, hydrophilic and lyophilic impurities were effectively removed from the crude extract to increase the total content of triterpenoids. The results showed that the extraction yield of triterpenoids could be substantially improved by adding ethanol as co-solvent. Triterpenoids could be thoroughly extracted in two hours and the crude extract contained 4.50% GAA, 3.39% GAF and 0.29% GB. It was observed that hydrophilic impurities could be effectively removed by SMB separation with 1-1-3/3 column configuration, increasing the contents of GAA, GAF and GB to 19.34%, 15.51%, and 0.74%, respectively. In contrast, lyophilic impurities could be removed by SMB separation with 2/3/3 column configuration, increasing the contents of GAA, GAF and GB to 5.70%, 4.17%, and 0.85%, respectively. Therefore, the removal of hydrophilic impurities from the crude extract should be the main task to increase the content of triterpenoids in the product.