我国区域干旱特征及干旱灾害应对措施分析

以区域干旱特征分析以及干旱灾害应对策略研究为目的,阐述我国南、北方两种不同地域类型的区域干旱成因和基本特征,指出黄淮海区域的干旱特征主要表现在天然水资源短缺引发的系统性深度供需矛盾,以及晴热少雨气候加剧这种矛盾而产生的持续干旱灾害;南方地区的干旱特征主要表现在晴热少雨气候导致枯水年或连续枯水年出现,以及地理气候特征和供水工程容量不足等因素产生的年内季节性干旱缺水.此外,一般性地描述了干旱灾害的危害,并从防旱抗旱的组织管理基础措施、技术性措施、农村(或农业)防旱措施、城市防旱措施以及干旱应急对策等5个方面提出了干旱灾害的系统性应对措施.

Regional drought characteristics in China and some countermeasures

Based on an analysis of causes and basic characteristics of drought in north and south areas of China,it is pointed out that drought in north areas,such as the Yellow River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin,was characterized by the severe systematic demand-supply contradiction resulted from the shortage of water resources,and successive drought disasters intensified by hot and dry weather,and that drought in south areas was characterized by the occurrence or successive occurrence of dry years due to hot and dry weather and the seasonal water shortage induced by their geographic and climatic features and insufficient water supply capacity.Furthermore,the harmfulness of drought disasters was briefly introduced,and some drought-resisting measures,including administrative management measures,technical measures,rural drought-resisting measures,urban drought-resisting measures,and emergency measures,were proposed.