基于ANSYS压力容器筒体与平板封头焊缝残余应力有限元分析

焊接常用于压力容器等特种设备制造中。在焊接过程中，高温移动热源及之后的快速冷却，使得在焊缝及其附近区域产生了残留的拉应力，由此产生焊接变形和残余应力。为预测焊接变形，采用有限元软件ANSYS中生死单元技术对压力容器筒体与平板封头单面焊焊接过程进行数值模拟，得出焊缝焊接残余应力、温度场及位移场的分布情况，经过分析可以得出:在焊缝区及熔合区温度极高，远离焊缝温度峰值急剧下降；在熔合区焊接残余应力达最大值，焊根处残余应力较小，在热影响区，沿焊缝方向多为拉应力，垂直焊缝方向多为压应力。

The Finite Element Analysis on the Weld Residual Stress of the Pressure Vessel Cylinder and Plate Dome Based on ANSYS

Welding is frequently used in the pressure vessel manufacture. In the welding process, moving high temperature and subsequent rapid cooling cause residual tensile stress at the weld and adjacent fields, hence generate welding deformation and residual stress. In order to predict welding deformation, adopting birth-dead skills of the finite element software ANSYS to simulate one-side welding process of the pressure vessel cylinder and plate dome, we can grasp in- formation of weld residual stress, temperature field and displacement field distribution. We can get the results through analysis that high temperature will appear at the weld metal area and the fusion area, if apart from the welding line, the temperature peak value rapidly drop. The welding residual stress achieve maximum at the fusion area,but less at the root of weld, at the heat-affected zone, the pull stress will appear along the welding line direction, and pressure stress will appear at the vertical direction of the weld.