| Abstract: | The paper considers general sensitivity analysis and dynamic range of quad filters. The use of quad structures in the design of symmetrical and/or unsymmetrical active filters is studied from the sensitivity and dynamic range points of view and these are compared with other design methods. Determination of gain constants of biquadratic blocks either according to overloading or noise immunity or both for quad realization are also considered. It is shown that, especially for symmetrical transfer functions, the design equations are simple and that the sensitivity performance is as good as the FLF and LF configurations and better than GFLF. Furthermore, it is shown with an example that quad realization also yields better dynamic range as compared to GFLF. |
