果蔬自发气调包装中呼吸速率研究进展

气调包装可以有效延长果蔬保鲜期，减少果蔬储运过程中腐败变质造成的浪费。其中自发气调包装利用果蔬自身的呼吸作用和包装薄膜选择透过性，建立适宜果蔬保存的气体环境，降低果蔬的生理消耗，对延长保鲜期有明显功效。自发气调包装关键技术是果蔬呼吸速率和包装内外气体交换。本文综述了呼吸速率三种测量方法，分析了基于酶动力学和化学反应原理构建的果蔬呼吸速率模型，并基于阿伦尼乌斯方程和一元一次线性方程描述了模型参数对温度的依赖性，按照逻辑关系整合模型，总结出求解果蔬呼吸速率的路径以及选择适宜包装材料的方法。随着时代的发展自发气调包装技术将成为果蔬储运保鲜重要的应用方向，未来呼吸速率模型将更加细化，精准化，同时果蔬呼吸速率库的建立也更有利于自发气调包装的推广。

Research progress on respiratory rate in spontaneous modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can effectively prolong the time for refreshing fruits and vegetables, and reduce the waste due to decomposition during storage and transportation. Of which, in the spontaneous MAP technology, select the permeability based on the respiration action of fruits&vegetables and packaging film, establish a gaseous environment appropriate for refreshing and reduce the physiological consumption of fruits&vegetables, thus significantly prolonging the refreshing time. The key technologies of spontaneous MAP include respiration rate of fruits&vegetables and gas exchange inside and outside the packaging. This paper summarizes three methods for measuring the respiration rate, analyzes the respiration rate model that is based on enzyme kinetics and chemical reaction principle construction, and describes the dependence of model parameters on the temperature based on Arrhenius equation and linear equation with one unknown, integrate the model according to the logical relationship and conclude the path to solve the respiration rate of fruits&vegetables and the method to select the materials suitable for packaging. With the development of the times, spontaneous MAP technology will be applied significantly in the storage, transportation and refreshing of fruits&vegetables and the respiratory rate model will be more refined and precise, and also the establishment of respiratory rate database of fruits&vegetables will be more beneficial to promote the application of spontaneous MAP.