基于滑坡成因的汶川地震堰塞湖分类及典型实例分析

汶川地震引发了大量的堰塞湖,其带来的长期危害成为灾区恢复重建过程中引人关注的问题之一.依据地震滑坡成因机制及特点,对地震堰塞湖进行了类型划分,从地震滑坡(崩塌等)灾害的形成机制将堰塞湖分为整体滑动型堰塞湖和崩滑型堰塞湖两个大类.在崩滑型堰塞湖中,根据滑坡的成因特点又分为坠落-滑动型堰塞湖和坠落-弹射-滑动型堰塞湖两个亚类.并列举各种类型地震堰塞湖的典型实例,分析总结了各种类型的成因方式、发育特点及应急处置措施.对提高地震堰塞湖的认识具有一定的学科意义,对地震恢复重建过程中堰塞湖的长期防治具有一定的科学指导意义.

Classification and Typical Case Analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced Dammed Lakes Based on Landslide Formation Mechanism

A large number of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake can be classified based on the formation mechanism and characteristics. With the formation mechanism of seismic landslide (collapse) disasters, dammed lakes were classified into two major categories as the overall-sliding type and the collapse-sliding type. Moreover, the collapse-sliding dammed lakes were divided into two subtypes as the fall-sliding type and the fall-ejection-sliding type according to the formation characteristics of landslides. The typical cases of various earthquake-induced dammed lakes were proposed in this study to analyze the formation methods, development characteristics and disposal measures, with a certain academic significance for raising the awareness of earthquake-induced dammed lakes and providing scientific guidance for long-term control of earthquake-induced dammed lakes.