Microalgae as a renewable fuel source: Fast pyrolysis of Scenedesmus sp. |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA;2. Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, 1100 Nicholasville Road, N318 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;1. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC;3. Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC;4. Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran;2. School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;2. National Center for Combustion Research and Development, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;1. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;2. Biochemical Engineering College, Beijing Union University, No. 18, Fatouxili 3 Area, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100023, China;3. Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey;2. Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346 Joongang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do 363-883, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-739, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Herein we report the fast pyrolysis of dried, ground Scenedesmus sp. at two different reactor scales. Pyrolysis was performed at 480 °C and 1 bar in both an isothermal spouted bed reactor and a dynamic pyrolysis-GC/MS unit, each with 2 s vapor residence times. Bio-oil products were characterized on the basis of GC-MS, simulated distillation GC, elemental analysis, calorific content and total acid number. The ratio of crude oil: char obtained from the spouted bed reactor was 3.76 by weight, the average calorific content of the oil being 18.4 MJ/kg. The average total acid number (68 mg KOH/g) was lower than typical bio-oil produced via wood pyrolysis. Simulated distillation results indicated that a significant proportion of the oil corresponded to the boiling range typical for heavy gas oil (343 °C–524 °C). Elemental analysis showed the oil contained an average of 27.6 wt.% oxygen and 8.6 wt.% nitrogen, the relatively high nitrogen content being a consequence of the high protein content of the algae. According to GC-MS data, the oil consisted of various hydrocarbons as well as oxygenated and nitrogenous species, including indoles, fatty acids and amides. Pyrolysis-GC-MS was also performed on Scenedesmus sp. in order to provide insights into the nature of the primary pyrolysis products. |
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| Keywords: | Algae Fast pyrolysis Bio-oil Pyrolysis-GC/MS Scenedesmus |
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